Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes is associated with a reduced number of hypoglycaemia and decreased insulin requirement. We noted no difference in perinatal outcome comparing women on multiple insulin injections with those on continuous insulin infusion.

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is defined as a glucose intolerance of varying severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Two major metabolic disorders: insulin resistance and β-cells dysfunction, play currently major role in pathogenesis of GDM. Adipose tissue is an organ involved in the production of adipokines, which have various influence on metabolism of glucose and lipids. Visfatin is an adipokine mainly produced and secreted by the fat tissue. It exerts an insulin-like effect by binding to the insulin receptor-1 and have hypoglycemic effect. Visfatin appears to be an important factor in the pathophysiology of GDM. The aim of this article is to review the literature concerning the relationship between the adipokine mentioned above and GDM, and to clarify its role in the pathophysiology of GDM.

Decreased PlGF serum concentration in mid-pregnancy, as well as a lack of physiological increase in PlGF levels between early and mid-gestation, may precede development of SGA in women with T1DM.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) are associated with altered maternal metabolism, impaired perinatal outcome and increased risk for remote maternal complications. The aim of our study was to analyse associations between circulating levels of angiogenic factors and markers of oxidative stress and metabolic status in women with HDP. Forty-six women in singleton pregnancies complicated by HDP and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in a prospective observational study. Serum concentrations of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), angiotensin-converting enzyme, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) were measured in the third trimester and correlated with maternal anthropometrics and metabolic status. We found significantly lower eNOS levels in patients with severe hypertension vs controls, a strong association between eNOS and PlGF in the study group, a significant association between maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and VEGF levels and an inverse correlation between VEGF and PlGF. Maternal prepregnancy BMI was the only independent predictor for VEGF concentrations. We noted reduced levels of PlGF and eNOS and increased VEGF levels in women with severe hypertension/preeclampsia. First, different forms of HDP are associated with different alteration patterns in concentrations of angiogenic factors and markers of oxidative stress. Second, maternal prepregnancy BMI, but not body weight, is a significant predictor for VEGF levels in late pregnancy.

The ultrasound examination during this period of pregnancy should be performed with a transvaginal transducer. This

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Circulating levels of VF are not sufficient predictors of SGA in pregnancies complicated by gestational hypertension/preeclampsia.

Objectives: 1) to analyse the prevalence of selected candidate genes for type 2 diabetes mellitus polymorphisms (IRS1 G972R; ENPP1 K121Q; ADRB3 W64R) among women with gestational diabetes; and 2) to investigate any association between variants of these genes and risk of neonatal macrosomia. Material and methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of a group of women (N = 140) in singleton pregnancies who delivered at term.