Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are a problem of public health, turning the search for natural products an alternative to antibiotics of great importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of Hymenaea courbaril and Stryphnodendron adstringens against bacterial clinical isolates. The crude extracts of both vegetal species in study showed bacteriostatic activity against almost all bacteria evaluated, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 125 to 1250 µg/ml. The bacteriostatic activity was observed in all the fractions of H. courbaril and S. adstringens against at least one bacterial strain, except in the fraction dichloromethane of S. adstringens. In regard to bactericidal activity, H. courbaril was active only against E. faecalis, and S. adstringens showed activity against all bacterial strains, except to Enterococcus faecalis. The combination of extracts showed potent synergistic antimicrobial activity, with MIC values of 31.25 µg/ml against Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. S. adstringens were considered less cytotoxic compared to H. courbaril and the half-maximum cytotoxic concentration (CC 50) resulting from the combination of the two plants was 0.0082 ± 3.19 mg/ml. The results showed for the first time the synergic antibacterial activities of H. courbaril and S. adstringens against resistant bacteria, suggesting their potential use to development of new drugs.
A comportamento corrupto deve ser investigado a partir de diferentes níveis de análise. A nível intraindividual, a personalidade é uma variável relevante para sua compreensão. Objetivo. Na presente pesquisa, buscou-se analisar a influência dos traços de personalidade na intenção de comportamento corrupto a partir do modelo dos cinco grandes fatores da personalidade. Método. Participaram da pesquisa 286 indivíduos com idades entre 18 e 76 anos. Para coleta, foram utilizadas a Escala Reduzida dos cinco grandes fatores da personalidade, a Medida de Intenção de Corrupção e um questionário sociodemográfico. Resultados. Se encontraram correlações positivas entre a intenção de corrupção com as dimensões amabilidade, conscienciosidade e abertura à experiência. Porém, por meio de uma regressão linear múltipla, apenas a conscienciosidade teve efeito significativo. Implicações são discutidas.
Hydroxynaphthoquinones such as lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) have proven to be effective antifungal agents. These compounds were tested for antifungal activity against yeast standard and clinical strains by the broth microdilution method. Among the synthetic lawsone derivatives, 2-hydroxy-3-((2-hydroxyphenyl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione, 2-hydroxy-3-(((4-nitrophenyl)amino)(phenyl)methyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione and 2-hydroxy-3-((2-hydroxyphenyl)((4-nitrophenyl)amino)methyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione showed high activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) ranging from 20 to 330 and from 80 to 330 μg mL -1 , respectively. Moreover, they also showed a mechanism of action on exogenous ergosterol. Therapeutic concentrations (CC 50 ) of 2-hydroxy-3-((2-hydroxyphenyl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl) naphthalene-1,4-dione, 2-hydroxy-3-(((4-nitrophenyl)amino)(phenyl)methyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione and 2-hydroxy-3-((2-hydroxyphenyl)((4-nitrophenyl)amino)methyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione were 52.81, 52.58 and 85.94 μg mL -1 , respectively, which can be considered moderate or low. In addition, docking studies showed that these compounds had similar binding energy to standard ketoconazole, which are recognized as the molecular target by van der Waals interactions. Furthermore, they are under Lipinski's rule of 5 with a druglikeness score better than ketoconazole and nystatin. These findings suggest that 2-hydroxy-3-((2-hydroxyphenyl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl) naphthalene-1,4-dione, 2-hydroxy-3-(((4-nitrophenyl)amino)(phenyl)methyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione and 2-hydroxy-3-((2-hydroxyphenyl)((4-nitrophenyl)amino)methyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione have potential as leading compounds against human fungal infections.
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