This study focuses on issues surrounding tobacco production in Brazil, seeking to understand the changes occurred in tobacco farming out of criticisms and changes in the environment. Based on the theoretical and methodological conceptions from Sociology of Critique and institutionalist theories, semi-structured interviews were conducted with relevant actors in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, adding to documentary analysis, with a view to analyze the institutional changes that have been occurring in tobacco production. First, devices of local and global criticism were identified, as well as the transformations that engender uncertainty in the tobacco farming environment. In this set of disputes, as responses to criticism, it was possible to map the institutions that have been supporting tobacco growing. Based on this, the transformations in the actions of tobacco companies were analyzed, which appeared to be mainly semantic, aimed at requalifying the Integrated Tobacco Production System and, thus, reaffirming the institutions that support tobacco growing. Findings showed that, in the environment of tobacco-growing family farmers, institutional changes are heterogeneous, affecting both the connections with and interpretations about tobacco. As a result, some farmers are being excluded from the system, and they need government support to change their realities.
Complexas mudanças vêm acontecendo no cenário agrário mundial, impulsionadas principalmente pela dinâmica econômica global. Nesse contexto, há significativo protagonismo da cadeia de grãos baseada em uma agricultura principalmente empresarial, implicando em progressiva introdução e ampliação de monoculturas no contexto brasileiro, especialmente a da soja. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o avanço da produção de soja e as transformações na bovinocultura de corte em São Vicente do Sul ao longo dos últimos 25 anos. O estudo se caracteriza como descritivo analítico, utilizando instrumentos quantitativos para coleta e análise dos resultados obtidos através de levantamento de dados secundários em sites como IBGE, Conab, MapBiomas, bem como artigos da área e duas entrevistas com representantes do Sindicato Rural de São Vicente do Sul e EMATER/ASCAR/RS. O estudo demonstrou mudanças no padrão produtivo do município e do uso do solo, uma vez que o campo nativo cedeu espaço a cultura da soja e a pastagem de inverno subsequente. O avanço da soja é algo “sem volta”, segundo os representantes entrevistados, e a diminuição de cabeças bovinas não foi significativa, em vista da criação de um gado mais pesado e comercializado com idade menor.
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