ResumoObjetivo: realizar uma análise descritiva do Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Vitamina A na Paraíba. Metodologia: foram realizadas, em nove municípios do estado, entrevistas com 43 profissionais responsáveis pelo Programa e 56 aplicadores do suplemento. O formulário de entrevista foi elaborado com base na Portaria ministerial que instituiu o Programa e no Manual de normatização, e a metodologia de avaliação centrada na tríade estrutura-processo-resultado. Resultados: como aspectos positivos observaram-se a boa adesão das famílias ao Programa e o empenho das Equipes de Saúde da Família em captar a população-alvo, associando estratégias como busca ativa, demanda espontânea e campanhas de vacinação. As principais fragilidades encontradas foram: a) no eixo estrutura, falta de material informativo para divulgar o Programa e orientar a população-alvo; b) no eixo processo, falta de regularidade, morosidade e fornecimento insuficiente do suplemento; falta ou insuficiência de treinamentos/capacitações; desconhecimento da periodicidade de aplicação do suplemento e preenchimento incorreto do instrumento de registro adotado pelo Programa; c) no eixo resultados, baixa cobertura e descontinuidade na aplicação do suplemento. Conclusão: os resultados mostram a necessidade de reorganizar e aprimorar o Programa na Paraíba, para que atinja o impacto esperado.Palavras-chave: avaliação; programa; vitamina A. Summary Objective: to carry out a descriptive analysis of the National Program of Vitamin
OBJECTIVE:To estimate the magnitude of the anemia, to analyze the time trends and investigate the factors associated with this disturbance in children in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey, of population-based, with 1108 children, aged 6 to 59 months, both sexes in the state of Paraíba. Hemoglobin (Hb) in venous blood was analyzed with an automatic counter. The social-economic and demographic characteristics of children were obtained by questionnaire. Proportions were compared by Pearson's chi-squared test, and the association between hemoglobin concentrations and potential risk factors was tested by regression model Poisson. The time trend of anemia was assessed by the increase/decreased in the prevalence of anemia, using as comparison the prevalence observed in the years 1982, 1992 and 2007. RESULTS:The prevalence of anemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dl) in the state of Paraíba was 36.5% (95%CI 33.7 to 39.3). It was observed that 1.3% (95%CI 0.7 to 1.8) were in severe form (Hb < 7.0 g/dl), 11% (95%CI 9.4 to 13.5) in a moderate form and 87.6% (95%CI 79.1 to 91.2) in the mild form. There was an increase 88.5% in cases of anemia between the years 1982-1992 and stabilization in the prevalence between the years 1992-2007. The analysis adjusted Poisson model showed a greater susceptibility to anemia in children 6 to 24 months of age, those breastfed for six months or more, who co-inhabited with more than four people in the same household and lived in houses with less than fi ve rooms. CONCLUSIONS:The results revealed that anemia remains an important public health problem in the state of Paraíba and despite having been shown an stabilization in the prevalence of anemia between 1992-2007, differently the prevalence observed between 1982-1992, this defi ciency presents in high level, witch requires more effective measures of prevention and control.
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