The aim of this study was to compare the number of CD57 + natural killer (NK) cells and CD8 + T lymphocytes between periapical granulomas (PGs) and radicular cysts (RCs). Twenty-fives cases of PGs and 25 of RCs were submitted to histological analysis and immunohistochemistry using anti-CD57 and anti-CD8 biomarkers. Positive cells were counted in 10 fields (400× magnification) and the median value was calculated for each case. Statistical tests were used to evaluate differences in the number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8 + T lymphocytes according to type of lesion, intensity of the infiltrate and thickness of the lining epithelium. The number of CD57 + NK cells and CD8 + T lymphocytes was higher in PGs than in RCs (p = 0.129 and p = 0.541, respectively). Comparison of the number of CD57 + NK cells in atrophic and hyperplastic epithelium revealed a larger number of cells in the atrophic epithelium (p = 0.042). A larger number of CD57 + NK cells and CD8 + T lymphocytes were observed in grade III infiltrates compared to grade I/II (p = 0.145 and p = 0.725, respectively). CD8 + T lymphocytes were more prevalent than CD57 + NK cells in most cases when PGs and RCs were analyzed separately or in combination (p < 0.0001). CD57+ NK cells and CD8 + T lymphocytes play a key role in antiviral defense and the presence of these cells supports evidence suggesting the participation of these microorganisms in the pathogenesis of PGs and RCs. The response mediated by CD8 + T lymphocytes was more frequent, indicating greater participation of the adaptive immunity in these chronic lesions.
Background and Objective
To evaluate the effects of Chinese scalp acupuncture in patients diagnosed with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) on pain, sleep and quality of life (QOL), and compare these results with the results from traditional therapies.
Methods
Sixty patients diagnosed with TMD using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) were allocated into four treatment groups: Counselling (C = 15), Occlusal Splint (OS = 15), Scalp acupuncture (SA = 15) and Manual Therapy (MT = 15). Participants were re-evaluated within one month. Three questionnaires were used to access sleep disorders, QOL and pain: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-bref) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), respectively. The data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science program (SPSS 22.0).
Results
The SA group significantly improved pain (p = 0.015), as well as the OS (p = 0.01) and MT groups (p = 0.014). Only the OS (p = 0.002) and MT (p = 0.029) groups improved sleep. MT group significantly improved QOL in terms of the physical domain of the WHOQOL-bref (p = 0.011) and the OS group in the psychological domain (p = 0.012).
Conclusion
The scalp acupuncture proved to be another alternative for pain relief in patients with TMD, demonstrating positive results in the short term. However, it was not as effective in improving quality of life and sleep.
Objective
To evaluate the morphology of filler particles, chemical composition, microhardness (MH), water sorption (WSp), and solubility (WSl) of a regular viscosity bulk fill and traditional composite resins.
Methods
Eighty samples (Ø:5 mm; height: 4 mm) were prepared according to the factors “composite” (Aura/SDI, FiltekZ250 XT/3M, Aura Bulk Fill/SDI, and Filtek Bulk Fill/3M) and “filling technique” (incremental and bulk) (n = 10). Vickers MH was measured on the top and bottom surfaces of each samples, and then WSp and WSl were obtained by means of mass gain and loss. Morphology of filler particles and chemical characteristics of composites were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersity spectroscopy (EDS) in additional samples (n = 1/group). Data were analyzed using two‐ and three‐way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (p < .05).
Results
No significant difference was found for WSp among the groups. Comparing composites in the incremental technique, Aura bulk fill composite showed lower WSI than the other materials and in the bulk fill technique, Filtek Bulk Fill showed the lowest value. Filtek Bulk Fill showed higher MH than the other composites on the bottom surface when samples were produced by bulk filling.
Conclusion
The composites presented good physical properties, but the bulk fill ones showed better results for the bottom microhardness and solubility, although chemical elements and morphology were similar in general.
The distribution of lymphocyte subsets in blood, thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches and bone marrow was evaluated in an experimental model of secondary hemochromatosis in rats. The values of CD2, CD4, CD 8, B and NK cells in these different lymphoid compartments did not differ between the control group and the experimental group. These results suggest that the abnormalities of lymphocyte subsets previously reported in patients with secondary hemochromatosis may be due to factors other than iron overload.
Objective: The present study searched evaluate whether the occlusal splint, physiotherapy and counseling therapies used in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) alter the craniocervical posture and pain. Methods: Controlled, randomized, blinded study that included individuals previously diagnosed with TMD through the RDC/TMD (Research criteria for temporomandibular disorders). The patients were randomly selected from four treatment groups: occlusal splint (OS, n = 17), physiotherapy (P, n = 19), counseling (C, n = 15) and occlusal splint associated with counseling (OSC = 14), totaling 65 individuals. For the postural analysis, a teleradiography was performed at the baseline and 1 month after the application of the therapy, in order to observe the occiput-atlas distance (OAD), the craniocervical angle (CCA) and the positioning of the hyoid triangle (HT). CorelDraw X6 software (2012 Corel Corporation, Canada) was used in the images. The data obtained was submitted to several paired T tests (α = 5%) and for the pain variable the SPANOVA test was applied. Results: Except for the OSC group in the CCA variable (p = 0.003), the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference for the analyzed variables regarding the different therapies over time. However, it can be observed that all the treatment groups allowed a reduction of the patients' pain (p = 0.013) over time. Conclusion: It is concluded that the therapies applied have little influence on craniocervical posture but are effective for the relief of painful symptoms.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.