The aim of this study was to determine the requirement for lysine in the diet of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). In total, 750 juvenile fish (0.34 ± 0.02g) were distributed in tanks arranged in a randomized block design with six treatments, five replications in two blocks, and 25 fish per unit, for 50 d. Six levels of digestible lysine were tested (1.30, 1.48, 1.66, 1.84, 2.02, and 2.20%), in formulated diets based on the ideal protein concept. The performance, feed efficiency, daily deposition of protein and body fat, and nitrogen retention efficiency of the fish were evaluated. The consumption of rations and protein, specific growth rate, body composition, and deposition of body fat were not influenced by the lysine levels tested. The consumption of digestible lysine increased linearly and the efficiency of digestible lysine for weight gain decreased linearly with the increase in lysine levels. The levels of digestible lysine that optimized weight gain and body protein deposition were estimated at 1.73 and 1.78%, respectively. The feed conversion and nitrogen retention efficiency were most improved at 1.66% and 1.84%, respectively. The recommended level of dietary lysine for providing better weight gain and body protein deposition in juvenile tambaqui is 1.78%, equivalent to 2.00% total lysine.

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Cross breeding of native fish species is a technique to produce hybrids that can express higher weight gain and feed efficiency compared to the parental species. The digestible threonine requirement in diets for tambatinga fingerlings (Colossoma macropomum ♀ x Piaractus brachypomus ♂) was determined in this study. For this, 700 fingerlings with an average initial weight of 2.39 ±0.02 g and average final weight of 35.96 ±2.03 g were distributed in a completely randomized design consisting of six treatments (0.600, 0.800, 1.000, 1.200, 1.400, and 1.600% digestible threonine) and five replicates per treatment, with 20 fish per experimental unit. Diets were formulated by the “diet dilution” technique using the ideal protein concept. Performance, feed efficiency, body depositions of protein, ash and fat, and nitrogen retention efficiency of the fish were evaluated. The digestible threonine levels that optimized weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio were 1.40, 1.27 and 1.10%, respectively. Body deposition of fat was reduced in a quadratic manner (p<0.01), and the body depositions of protein and ash, together with the efficiency of nitrogen retention, were optimized by the digestible threonine level of 1.20; 1.33, and 0.82%, respectively. The recommended digestible threonine level in the diet for tambatinga fingerlings is 1.20 to 1.40% (0.40 and 0.47% Mcal DE-1) to obtain higher body deposition of protein and weight gain, respectively.

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de determinar a composição química e os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (CDAMS), proteína bruta (CDAPB), extrato etéreo (CDAEE) e da energia bruta (CDAEB) de alimentos alternativos para o tambaqui. No experimento foram utilizados 108 tambaquis com peso médio de 165,3 ± 15,6 g, em seis tratamentos e três repetições, sendo seis peixes por parcela experimental. Foram confeccionadas seis rações experimentais, sendo uma ração referência, baseada de farelo de soja e milho, e, as demais contendo 70% da ração referência, e 30% dos alimentos testados (farelo de arroz integral (FAI), farinha do feno da folha da leucena (FFL), farinha do feno da folha da mandioca (FFM), raspa da raiz integral da mandioca (RRIM) e a torta de babaçu (TB)). Para avaliar a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, utilizou-se o método indireto de coleta de fezes por decantação e dióxido de titânio como indicador inerte adicionado à dieta em uma concentração de 0,1 %. Dentre os alimentos avaliados, a FFM, FFL e da TB contêm elevados teores de fibras, o que reduz os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos referidos alimentos. O FAI e a RRIM apresentam os maiores CDAMS, CDAPB, CDAEE e CDAEB, indicando que podem ser alimentos com potencial no uso em rações para tambaqui.

The aim of this study was to determine the requirement of digestible phosphorus in diets for juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). 300 juveniles (26.4 ± 0.68 g) were used in a completely randomized design, consisting of six treatments with five replicates and 10 fish per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of six isoprotein, isonitrogenous, and isocalcium rations, with different levels of digestible phosphorus: 0.27; 0.46; 0.67; 0.91; 1.04; and 1.14%. The fish were kept in 30 polyethylene tanks (500 L) with a closed water circulation system and fed six meals per day for 49 days. Parameters of performance and feed efficiency, daily protein, and fat, ash, and phosphorus deposition rates were evaluated. The elevation of digestible phosphorus provided a quadratic increase in feed consumption to a level of 0.92%, linear increase in the consumption of digestible phosphorus, and quadratic reduction in the efficiency of digestible phosphorus for weight gain. The linear response plateau model was the best fit for weight gain and specific growth rate, estimated at 0.55% and 0.56% digestible phosphorus, respectively. The feed conversion and protein efficiency for weight gain improved quadratically up to an estimated level of 0.84% of digestible phosphorus. Body fat deposition improved quadratically up to an estimated level of 0.90% of digestible phosphorus. The linear response plateau model was the best fit for body deposition of protein, ash, and phosphorus, estimated at 0.55%, 0.46%, and 0.59% of digestible phosphorus, respectively. To optimize weight gain, the recommended level of digestible phosphorus in diets for juvenile tambaqui is 0.55%, which corresponds to an estimated level of 0.87% of total phosphorus.

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Threonine (Thr) is one of the most limiting amino acids in functional ingredients used for diet preparation, and its deficiency can reduce fish growth. This study aimed to estimate the digestible Thr requirement in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) diets in the fattening stage for 60 days. Diets containing different digestible Thr concentrations (9.40, 10.30, 11.20, 12.10 and 13.00 g/kg) were analysed. The best results for growth performance, body crude protein content and body deposition occurred in fish fed with 10.30 and 11.20 g Thr kg diet −1 (p < 0.05). The dietary Thr requirement estimated based on weight gain, the feed conversion ratio and the specific growth rate was 10.64, 10.71 and 10.80 g Thr kg diet −1 respectively (p < 0.05). For body deposition, the best values of dietary Thr were between 10.40 and 10.70 g/kg (p < 0.05). Diets with higher levels of digestible Thr caused an increase in plasma cholesterol, liver glycogen levels and erythrocytes, and a decrease in hepatic aspartate aminotransferase levels and mean corpuscular volume (p < 0.05). In conclusion, tambaqui require between 10.40 and 10.80 g Thr kg diet −1 to provide better fish growth performance, body deposition and health.