RESUMO -O trabalho analisou a celulose liofilizada como invólucro de lesões de nervos periféricos, com perda de substância, investigando a intensidade de reação inflamatória e o alinhamento axonal. Dez cães foram divididos em 3 grupos: Grupo 1 -seccção e recolocação de 1 cm de nervo ciático; Grupo 2 -não recolocado fragmento seccionado; Grupo 3 -sutura epineural, sem invólucro celulósico. A recuperação motora iniciou na oitava semana, lenta e progressiva, sem recuperação total. A autópsia mostrou reação fibrótica ao redor da celulose e aderência ao plano muscular. Quando o enxerto foi recolocado, constatou-se continuidade do nervo com aumento de calibre local. Nos dez cães foi observada fibrose e regeneração neural variáveis na área de secção do nervo. Os grupos 1 e 3 mostraram coaptação entre cotos e enxerto. Concluiu-se que a celulose liofilizada provocou moderada reação fibrótica com realinhamento e crescimento axonal quando foi recolocado, como enxerto, o fragmento do nervo seccionado.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: nervo periférico, trauma, celulose. Use of lyophilized cellulose in peripheral nerve lesions with loss of substanceABSTRACT -Lyophilized cellulose was analysed to verify the degree of inflamatory reaction and axon realignement in the sciatic nerve after loss of neural substance. Ten mongrel dogs were divided into: Group 1 -1 cm section of sciatic nerve which was replaced at lesion site; Group 2 nerve section without fragment replacement. The section site was involved with lyophilized cellulose. Group 3 -1 cm fragment section sutured epineurally. Motor response started at eighth week. Moderate fibrotic reaction to cellulose was seen in Group 1 and 2 animals. Groups 1 and 3 showed coaptation between the nerve and nerve graft with ongoing axons. In Group 2, 1 dog showed regrouth of axons through the empty space. It was concluded that lyophilized cellulose caused moderate fibrous reaction when implanted in peripheral nerve lesions with loss of substance; it can act as envellop protection in those lesions mainly if a neural graft is inserted.
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