Resumo Hipertensão arterial (HA) no póstransplante renal (TXR) se correlaciona com piores desfechos cardiovasculares e renais, com perda de função renal, diminuição da sobrevida do enxerto e maior mortalidade. Receptores de TXR apresentam valores discrepantes de pressão arterial (PA) quando ela é obtida em consultório ou por metodologias sistematizadas, como a Monitorização Ambulatorial da PA (MAPA), com prevalências significantes de ausência de descenso noturno ou hipertensão noturna, hipertensão do avental branco e hipertensão mascarada. O objetivo do presente estudo foi rever a temática da hipertensão no TXR, abordando sua fisiopatologia multifatorial e demonstrando a importância da MAPA como ferramenta de acompanhamento da PA nesses pacientes. O tratamento é baseado em mudanças no estilo de vida e em fármacos anti-hipertensivos, sendo os bloqueadores de canais de cálcio considerados de primeira linha. A melhor meta pressórica e o tratamento com desfechos mais favoráveis no TXR ainda estão por ser determinados, por meio de estudos bem conduzidos cientificamente, ou seja, em termos de HA no TXR temos atualmente mais questões a responder do que respostas a dar.
Arterial hypertension (AH) after renal transplantation (RTX) is correlated with worse cardiovascular and renal outcomes, with loss of renal function, decreased graft survival and higher mortality. RTX recipients have discrepant blood pressure (BP) values when measured in the office or by systematic methodologies, such as Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM), with significant prevalence of no nocturnal dipping or nocturnal hypertension, white coat hypertension and masked hypertension. The aim of the present study was to review the issue of hypertension in RTX, addressing its multifactorial pathophysiology and demonstrating the importance of ABPM as a tool for monitoring BP in these patients. Treatment is based on lifestyle changes and antihypertensive drugs, with calcium channel blockers considered first-line treatment. The best blood pressure target and treatment with more favorable outcomes in RTX are yet to be determined, through well-conducted scientific studies, that is, in terms of AH in RTX, we currently have more questions to answer than answers to give.
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