Promoting healthy lifestyle factors (e.g., physical activity, healthy eating, less screen time) among young people is a relevant and challenging step toward reducing non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a multicomponent intervention on lifestyle factors among adolescents from schools in low Human Development Index (HDI < 0.500) areas. The Fortaleça sua Saúde program was conducted with 548 adolescents aged 11–18 years old in the intervention group and 537 in the control group. The four-month intervention included strategies focused on training teachers, new opportunities for physical activity in the school environment, and health education strategies for the school community (including parents). Moderate- to-vigorous physical activity level (≥420 min/week), TV watching and computer use/gaming (<2 h/day), daily consumption of fruit juice, fruit, vegetables, soft drinks, savory foods and sweets, and current alcohol and tobacco use were measured before and after intervention. McNemar’s test and logistic regression (odds ratio [OR] and a 95% confidence interval [95% CI]) were used, considering p < 0.05. In the intervention schools, a significant increase occurred in the number of adolescents who met physical activity guidelines (5.3%; 95% CI = 0.8; 9.8) and who reported using computer for <2 h a day (8.6%; 95% CI = 3.8; 13.4) after intervention. No changes were observed in the control schools. At the end of the intervention, adolescents from intervention schools were more likely to practice physical activity at recommended levels (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.00; 2.08) than adolescents from control schools. No significant change was observed for the other lifestyle factors. In conclusion, this multicomponent intervention was effective in promoting physical activity among adolescents from vulnerable areas. However, other lifestyle factors showed no significant change after intervention. This study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02439827.

This study aimed to analyze the association between lifestyle behaviors and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Brazilian adolescents. We evaluated 739 adolescents (51.0% girls; mean age, 16.4 ± 1.0 years) from the mesoregion Grande Florianópolis, Brazil. Participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire and sex, age, mother’s education, health-related quality of life, physical activity, screen time indicators, sleep duration, diet, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and drug experimentation were retrieved. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Kidscreen-10 instrument. Measures of body mass and height were taken by trained researchers. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used. Self-reported health-related quality of life was higher in males (β = 3.68, 95%CI: 2.75; 4.61) compared to females, and no association was observed for age and mother’s education level. Practicing sports (β = 1.19, 95%CI: 0.29; 2.08) was associated with better HRQoL, while processed food score (β = −0.45, 95%CI: −0.78; −0.13), working using screen devices for more than 4 h/day (β = −2.38, 95%CI: −4.52; −0.25), having experimented illicit drugs (β = −2.05, 95%CI: −3.20; −0.90), and sleeping less than 8 h/night (β = −1.35, 95%CI: −2.27; −0.43) were unfavorably associated with HRQoL. Non-sport physical activities, unprocessed food, studying, watching videos, playing videogames, using social media, alcohol drinking, and smoking were not associated with health-related quality of life. These findings suggest that promoting sports and adequate sleep, and preventing excessive workloads and the use of drugs among adolescents may be effective strategies to improve HRQoL.

Background: The interaction between physical activity (PA), diet, and sedentary behavior (SB) plays an important role on health-related outcomes. This scoping review (Prospero CRD42018094826) aims to identify and appraise clusters of PA, diet, and SB among youth (0–19 years) according to country income. Methods: Five databases were searched. Fifty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: Fifty-five cluster types were identified, with greater variety in high-income than lower income countries. The most prevalent profiles were “High SB and consumption of sugar, salt, and beverages (SSB)” (n = 17) and “High PA” (n = 13–5), both of which presented in all income countries. The healthiest profile, “High PA and fruit and vegetables (F&V); Low SB and SSB” (n = 12), was present in upper-middle and high-income countries, while the unhealthiest “Low PA and F&V; High SB and SSB” (n = 6) was present only in high-income countries. Conclusions: High SB and unhealthy diet (SSB) were more prevalent in clusters, mainly in high-income countries. The results support the need for multi-component actions targeting more than one behavior at the same time.

This study aimed to update the review of Brazil’s Report Card on the prevalence of global physical activity (PA) among Brazilian children and adolescents. This systematic review included an electronic search of eight databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, SPORTDiscus, BIREME, Scielo, and Google Scholar) and a manual search of the references of retrieved studies. Studies published in 2018 and 2019 that assessed global PA among Brazilian youth were included. A narrative approach to the results was adopted. The initial search retrieved 1,892 potentially relevant titles (1,244 titles after duplicate analysis), of which 62 (47 different studies) met all the inclusion criteria. Most updated studies were carried out in Southern (40.4%) and Southeastern (25.5%) Brazil. Six studies provided data from national surveys (12.8%), and one study included preschool children (< 5 years old). Ten studies objectively measured PA (accelerometer or pedometer devices). In the updated studies, the overall proportion of young people who were physically active ranged from 9.8% to 79.6%. Three national surveys reported the prevalence of physically active students, ranging from 18.4% to 78.8%. There was an increase of surveys that objectively measured PA and with children under 12 years of age in the 2018 and 2019 studies. However, important research gaps (e.g., variations in the measurement of global PA), even in the same study, should be considered to improve the monitoring and evaluation of global PA in Brazil.

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Introduction: Orthodontic aligners use have increased in dentistry. The resolution of complex movements such as extrusion demands the use of attachments to reach the aimed force, but just a few studies have been developed to evaluate the biomechanical performance of the aligners and their accessories. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate on the three axes (X, Y and Z) the forces generated by three different attachment designs for the extrusion of the maxillary central incisor using esthetic orthodontic aligners. Methods: Three prototypes of maxillary models were developed, each one with a specific attachment inserted in the central incisor. Three aligners were manufactured for each of the three attachment designs, with 0.33-mm activation in the direction of the extrusion. An analytical device was used to evaluate the forces applied to the three axes by each aligner/attachment. The data were assessed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Results: All of the studied attachment designs could satisfactorily perform the extrusion movement. However, force intensities were different in the three designs (design 1 = 2.5 N; design 2 = 2.2 N, and design 3 = 1.1 N). Furthermore, two of the three attachment designs (designs 1 and 2) eventually exerted significant forces on the X (mesiodistal) and Y (buccopalatal) axes. Conclusion: The attachment design 3 presents the best distribution of forces for extrusion movement, generating almost null forces on X and Y axes, and lower intensity of force on the Z axis.

The aim of this study was to summarize data on the prevalence of global physical activity (PA) among children and adolescents in Brazil. This systematic review included an electronic search in 8 databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, SPORTDiscus, BIREME, Scielo, and Google Scholar) and a manual search in the references of retrieved studies. Observational studies that assessed global PA among Brazilian children and adolescents were included. A narrative approach toward results was adopted. An initial database search reached 3276 potentially relevant titles (2534 titles after duplicate analysis); 92 (62 different studies) met all inclusion criteria. Studies were carried out between 2001 and 2015; most studies were conducted in Southern and Northeastern Brazil. Three were nationwide surveys (4.8%), but no studies included children aged 0-5 years. Eighteen different instruments for PA measurement were used; only two studies used objectively-measured PA. The most used definition was ≥ 300 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous PA. The overall proportion of young people who were physically active ranged from 6.5% to 92.3%. Fourteen studies (22.6%) found a prevalence of ≥ 50%. Three nationwide surveys reported the prevalence of physically active students ranging from 29.0% to 66.0%. A wide variability of PA estimates were found. Important research gaps (e.g., studies with objectively-measured PA, children aged up to 6 years-old and in Northern Brazil) should be considered to develop new research studies in Brazil.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to verify the accuracy of anthropometric equations to estimate the body density (BD) of adults with Down syndrome (DS), and propose new regression equations.Materials and methodsTwenty‐one males (30.5 ± 9.4 years) and 17 females (27.3 ± 7.7 years) with DS participated in this study. The reference method for BD was air displacement plethysmography (ADP). Also, the BD was estimated by anthropometric equations. The body fat percentage (BF %) was estimated by the Siri equation.ResultsFor females, the Durnin and Womersley equation showed no difference from the ADP, but a trend of underestimation was observed. For males, all equations were significantly different for the BF % from ADP. The equations developed in this study showed a high correlation and acceptable agreement with BF % from ADP in both genders.ConclusionAll equations are not valid for DS adults. The new equations developed here were accurate in estimating the BF %.