Abstract:Gonads of 124 specimens of Cercosaura schreibersii (Wiegmann, 1834) and 192 specimens of Cnemidophorus lacertoides Duméril & Bibron, 1839 from the Sul-Riograndense Shield, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil were analyzed. Both species presented seasonal reproduction, with vitellogenic females found at the end of winter and spring, gravid females in spring and summer and recruitment recorded during the months with the higher mean temperatures in the region. Variation of testis volume was not observed in males of C. schreibersii throughout the year, while adult males of C. lacertoides had variation, with larger testis found in spring. All clutches of C. schreibersii comprised two eggs and data suggest positive correlation between female SVL and egg size (R 2 = 0.55; p < 0.05). Clutch size of C. lacertoides varied from 2 to 6 eggs (3.75 ± 1.24, n = 15) and positive correlation between female SVL and clutch size was also observed (R 2 = 0.50; p < 0.001). Females of C. schreibersii had significantly larger SVL than mature males (t-test; p < 0.0001). Head length and width of mature females and males of C. schreibersii were not significantly different. Sexually mature females of C. lacertoides had significantly larger SVL than mature males (t test; p < 0.001), however, males had larger head than females, with significant differences in head length (Ancova; p < 0.001) and width (Ancova; p < 0.001). Juvenile females can attain the size of mature specimens after seven months for C. schreibersii and eight months for C. lacertoides. It was not possible to estimate the sexual maturation age of males, but it is possible to estimate that males are mature earlier and with smaller size than females in both species. Resumo: Foram analisadas as gônadas de 124 exemplares de Cercosaura schreibersii e 192 exemplares deCnemidophorus lacertoides do Escudo Sul-Riograndense, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ambas as espécies apresentaram reprodução tipicamente sazonal com fêmeas vitelogênicas no final do inverno e primavera, ovígeras na primavera e verão e o recrutamento ocorrendo nos meses com médias mais altas de temperatura na região. Não foi observada variação no volume médio ajustado dos testículos de machos de C. schreibersii ao longo do ano, contudo, o volume médio ajustado dos testículos de machos adultos de C. lacertoides alcançaram os maiores valores na primavera. Todas as desovas de C. schreibersii apresentaram número fixo de 2 ovos (n = 8) havendo correlação positiva entre o CRC das fêmeas e o tamanho dos ovos (R 2 = 0,55; p < 0,05). Em C. lacertoides o tamanho das desovas variou de 2 a 6 ovos ( x = 3,75 ± 1,24; n = 15) e foi observada correlação positiva entre o CRC das fêmeas e o tamanho das desovas (R 2 = 0,50; p < 0,001). Em ambas as espécies, fêmeas maduras apresentam CRC significativamente maiores que machos (Teste t; p < 0,001). Por outro lado, machos maduros apresentam o comprimento (Ancova; p < 0,001) e largura da cabeça (Ancova; p < 0,001) maiores que as das fêmeas. Fêmeas juvenis podem alcançar tamanho compatível ao d...

ABSTRACT. This study presents original data on the reproduction and feeding ecology of two syntopic amphisbaenians, Amphisbaena munoai Klappenbach, 1969 and Anops kingi Bell, 1833, from southern Brazil. Sampling was carried out from April 2004 to April 2006 at a highland area located in São Jerônimo and Barão do Triunfo municipalities, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A total of 647 amphisbaenians were collected, 510 specimens of A. munoai and 137 specimens of A. kingi, of which 130 and 93, respectively, had their gonads and gut content analyzed. Both species presented a unimodal pattern of seasonal distribution, sexually mature females with significantly larger snout vent length (SVL) than sexually mature males, and seasonal reproductive cycle. Adults of A. kingi had significantly larger (SVL) than those of Amphisbaena munoai. Both species had generalist diets, but termites (Isoptera) was a staple item in their diet. Greater predominance of insect larvae was observed in the diet of A. kingi, which may be due to its larger body in comparison to A. munoai. Insect larvae ingested by A. kingi were significantly larger than those ingested by A. munoai. Diets of adult males and females of both species were not significantly different. The ontogenetic diet comparison in both species revealed significant numerical differences, with adults consuming higher numbers of prey.KEYWORDS. Seasonality, sexual dimorphism, diet. gônadas e conteúdo alimentar analisados. Ambas as espécies apresentaram padrão unimodal de distribuição sazonal, fêmeas sexualmente maduras com comprimento rostro cloacal (CRC) significativamente maior que o dos machos sexualmente maduros e ciclo reprodutivo sazonal. Adultos de A. kingi apresentaram (CRC) significativamente maior do que em adultos de Amphibaena munoai. As duas espécies apresentaram diversas categorias alimentares na composição de suas dietas, entretanto térmites (Isoptera) parecem compor um elemento base. Uma maior predominância de larvas de insetos foi observada na dieta de A. kingi em relação a A. munoai, o que pode estar relacionado ao maior tamanho do corpo da primeira espécie. Larvas de insetos ingeridas por A. kingi foram significativamente maiores do que aquelas ingeridas por A. munoai. Em ambas as espécies não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas dietas de machos e fêmeas adultos, mas em uma comparação ontogenética, foram observadas diferenças significativas numéricas, sendo que adultos ingeriram um número maior de presas que juvenis. RESUMO. Reprodução e ecologia alimentar de PALAVRAS-CHAVE.Sazonalidade, dimorfismo sexual, dieta.

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Dendropsophus nahdereri is included in the Dendropsophus marmoratus group. Its distribution is known from the Brazilian states of Paraná and Santa Catarina. Here we report new records of this species and briefly describe the habitat of calling males. We found new localities of occurrence of D. nahdereri in Brazilian states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. We collected calling males in temporary lentic water bodies surrounded by arboreal vegetation, inside and on the border of native forest, and inside Pinus plantations near native forest.