Human papillomavirus has been identified as a main etiological agent in the development of cervical cancer. HPV 16 and 18 have been reported the most widely prevalent genotypes worldwide. We conducted a study analyzing the prevalence of high and low risk human papillomavirus viral types in the Mexican state of Aguascalientes and neighboring cities in the states of Jalisco and Zacatecas in central Mexico. Specific viral genotype was determined by a PCR and hybridization-based detection test. The presence of 37 high- and low-risk HPV genotypes was evaluated in 883 female participants. Of these, 350 presented low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL), 176 presented high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL), 107 suffered from cervical cancer and 250 women with negative cytological report for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM). HPV 51 was the most prevalent genotype, followed by HPV 16: overall prevalence of HPV 51, including single infections and co-infections was 31.2% in women with LGSIL, whereas prevalence of HPV 16 was 25.1%. Among women with HGSIL, HPV 51 prevalence was 47.2% and HPV 16 was 30.1%. Prevalence of HPV 51 in women with cervical cancer was 49.5% and type 16 was 33.6%. Between single and co-infections, most co-infections were not associated with later stages of the disease, except 51/16 and some others. HPV 51 showed a significant correlation with the progression of the disease (OR = 10.81 for LGSIL, 19.38 for HGSIL and 22.95 for ICC), and when analyzing all other genotypes, five different groups depending on their correlation with all lesion grades were determined. According to our findings, HPV genotype 51 has a higher prevalence than HPV 16 and 18 in the Mexican state of Aguascalientes and neighboring cities in the states of Jalisco and Zacatecas in Central Mexico.

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El presente estudio es el primer reporte sobre la inducción de raíces transformadas por Agrobacterium rhizogenes en Agave salmiana Otto, así como del establecimiento de un hongo micorrízico en las mismas. Para lograr lo anterior se inocularon plantas germinadas in vitro con diferentes concentraciones de bacteria y de acetosiringona en varios sitios (hoja, tallo y raíz). El tiempo de cocultivo en oscuridad fue de 6 d. Las raíces transformadas se presentaron a los 25 d después de la inoculación. La mayor eficiencia de transformación resultó de la inoculación al tallo con 1x109 bacterias mL-1 y 200 µM de acetosiringona, condiciones en las que se obtuvo 63 % de raíces transformadas. La naturaleza transgénica de las raíces generadas se verificó mediante un ensayo histoquímico para detectar actividad de GUS y los transgenes se amplificaron en muestras de ADN de raíz a través de PCR. Se detectó actividad de GUS en 80 % de los tejidos probados, mientras que los genes rolB y nptII se amplificaron en 60 % de las muestras de ADN analizadas por PCR. Se demostró la capacidad de Glomus intraradices para colonizar in vitro las raíces transformadas de A. salmiana, con una eficiencia de colonización de 70 %. Se logró la recuperación de esporas hijas, con un promedio de 300 esporas hijas por cultivo, a los 6 meses de iniciada la inoculación.

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