Bowel preparation is mandatory prior to elective colonoscopy and their effectiveness is closely related to the quality of the examination. There are many preparations on the market and there is no consensus on which is best. This study aimed to compare three solutions for colon preparation in patients undergoing colonoscopy. We conducted a prospective study with 61 patients divided randomly into three groups: one that received a standard dose of macrogol, another received a standard dose of 10% mannitol and another received a standard dose of sodium picosulphate. Patients and examining endoscopists responded to questionnaires for compiling data. In the results we noticed that 10% mannitol, despite being less tolerated by the patient when compared to sodium picosulphate, presents better results in colonic cleaning, being therefore superior in this regard. Macrogol was considered as an intermediate in relation to the other two preparations. As for tolerability, preference is given to sodium picosulphate as best tolerated, followed by mannitol and by macrogol, which is poorly tolerated by the patient. We conclude that as the main objective of bowel preparation in colonoscopy is the quality of colonic cleaning, 10% mannitol was superior to the other preparations studied.
Purpose: To evaluate whether Accelerated CXL for 10 minutes is as effective as standard CXL for 30 minutes for the treatment of progressive keratoconus. Patients and Methods: Eighty-two eyes of 62 patients with keratometry examinations performed before and 6 months after surgery were studied. A total of 39 eyes underwent standard CXL with UVA irradiation of 3 mW/cm 2 for 30 minutes and 32 eyes underwent Accelerated CXL UVA irradiation of 9 mW/cm 2 for 10 minutes. The eyes of all patients had corneal thicknesses of at least 450 microns (400 microns after epithelium removal). Results: The means of the keratometry measurements in the preoperative period for the eyes subjected to standard CXL were 46.27 dioptres (D) on the flat axis (K1) and 48.93 D on the steep axis (K2). Postoperatively, K1 was 46.21 D and K2 was 48.97 D, a difference without statistical significance (p = 0.47 and p = 0.48, respectively). In the Accelerated CXL protocol, the preoperative measurements were 44.55 D and 46.19 D for K1 and K2, respectively. In the postoperative period, K1 was 43.37 D, and K2 was 46.64 D (p = 0.38 and p = 0.27, respectively). In the standard group, the mean maximum keratometry (Kmax) preoperatively was 55.87 D, with no statistical significance (p = 0.29). In the preoperative period, the Kmax of the Accelerated group was 51.15 D, with no statistical significance (p = 0.32). Conclusion: Based on the keratometry results, the accelerated protocol was as effective as the standard protocol for keratoconus stabilization.
Objective To assess whether the non-contact air-puff tonometer (NCT) is an appropriate alternative to the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP). Patients and Methods An observational, cross-sectional, and comparative study with a quantitative approach was carried out. Two techniques for IOP measurements using the standard GAT and the NCT were compared. A total of 180 eyes from 90 patients were included in the study. Results The total mean IOP according to NCT measurements was 14.12 mmHg, and the total mean IOP according to the GAT was 12.98 mmHg; these values were significantly different (p=0.0018). When dividing the participants into three groups according to the measurement range obtained and comparing the mean NCT and GAT measurements in each group, in Group 1 (10–15 mmHg), no statistically significant difference was found between the means of the two tonometers (p=0.3100), a difference was observed between Group 2 (16–19 mmHg) and Group 3 (20 mmHg or more) (p<0.001). When dividing the participants by age group, the means obtained by the two tonometers also differed significantly between Group 4 (40–59 years) and Group 5 (60 years or more) (p<0.0001). In all groups, the mean measurements by the NCT were higher than those by the GAT. Conclusion The NCT presented an approximate mean of the measures with the GAT in group 1 but was overestimated in the measurements of the groups 2 and 3.
A alface tem o nitrogênio como nutriente limitante para seu crescimento e desenvolvimento, o manejo adequado desse elemento resulta no aumento da produtividade, maior massa e maior teor de macro nutrientes e clorofila nas folhas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de nitrogênio sobre a concentração de nutrientes nas folhas de quatro cultivares de alface. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, as cultivares usadas foram: roxa, lisa, crespa e mimosa. O delineamento foi casualizado com cinco repetições, sendo cinco doses de nitrogênio: 0, 50, 100, 150 e 250 kg ha-1, aplicadas em forma de ureia. Antes da colheita foi avaliado o teor relativo de clorofila e depois da colheita a massa fresca, massa seca e teor de nutrientes. O nitrogênio teve interação com todos os parâmetros avaliados, sendo que a cultivar mimosa foi a mais responsiva e apresentou aumento no teor de nitrogênio com o aumento das doses aplicadas.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer sources and rates on the morphophysiological characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of maize. The experiment was set in Campos Novos, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 growing seasons. The experimental design was a randomized block with treatments arranged in split plots. Four nitrogen sources were evaluated in the main plots: conventional urea, protected urea, nitrification inhibitor-treated urea, and urease inhibitor-treated urea. Four nitrogen rates were assessed in the split plots: 0 (control), 140, 280, and 420 kg N ha -1. .Nitrogen source did not affect ear height, leaf area index, stem diameter, or number of senescent leaves. Increments in nitrogen rate increased plant height, ear height, stem diameter, and grain nitrogen content but decreased nitrogen use efficiency. Stabilized (nitrification/urease inhibitor-treated) or protected N sources did not influence morphophysiological characteristics or improve nitrogen use efficiency of maize compared with conventional urea.
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