This article provides a summary of the history and actual state of agricultural science and production (including land reclamation, soil erosion and salinization, and much more, study that is one of the main types of scientific activity of the Institute erosion and irrigation of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences) in Azerbaijan.
Annotation: The Republic of Azerbaijan, which translates into a physically-geographical area, a way to the eastern part of the Caucasus, where the Big and Small Caucasus, Tallinn Region, Kurinskaya oblast and Nakhichevan. The Republic is 86.6 this. Per km2 or 40% of the landfill make up the oil, 60% of the landfill, and snow. He small Caucasus and its lowlands, the complex geographical location of Azerbaijan's historic lands, have been inhabited for thousands of years and have been used extensively in agriculture and livestock. The complexity of the natural conditions here and the ineffective activities of people have led to increased anthropogenic pressures and exogenous processes, which have led to catastrophic erosion processes that have developed and developed. The results of the soil-erosion study conducted in the occupied territories of the region (2004-2012) show that all types of erosion, including surface, linear, silt, grass, as a result of the complex geological and geomorphological situation of the Karabakh region and the combined impact of anthropogenic pressure. Wind and military erosion have developed in a wide range and are measured by the following average statistics. Goranboy-40.9%; Tartar - 45.0%; Aghdam - 31.3%; Barda - 23.2%, Yevlakh - 26.4%; Kelbajar - 52.4%; Beylagan - 19.8%; Aghjabadi - 15.7%; Fizuli - 45.7%; Gabriel - 63.3%; Zinc - 57.7%; Qubatly - 44.0%; Lachin - 48.0%; Serum-20.9%; Upper Karabakh - 37.0%, which means that 884,000 ha of agricultural land is in danger of being out of crop rotation.
The article in the main task is to use low-intensity irrigation under conditions of acute shortage of water resources in mountain and foothill areas of the republic. Therefore, it is necessary to correct existing deficiencies in the plant water supply, through the development of a series of activities that allow better use of irrigated lands at the expense of low-intensity water supply according to the crop needs during their growing season, eliminating erosion and soil erosion, which creates conditions for environmentally friendly products and etc.
The article examines the issues soil erosion a risk traditionally rapidly growing with agriculture in tropical and semi-arid regions, which is particularly important for its long-term effects on soil productivity, removing topsoil, than soil formation processes can replace it due to natural, animal and human activities, in the example, excessive grazing, cultivation, deforestation and more mechanical farming and sustainable agriculture. Studied the spatial characteristics of grass and arable land formations, their positive impact on anti-erosion installations research. Developed methodological framework mapping of soils from the threat of erosion.
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