Scanning electron microscope or light microscope examination of oesphageal specimens demonstrated the association of microbial cells with the epithelial surface. Rod‐shaped bacteria and cocci were seen in specimens obtained from pigs and rats, cocci in specimens from cattle, and rods
PrefaceThis report discusses a relatively narrow topic within the broad framework of metropolitanarea governance: the potential effects of local-government consolidation on a region's economic development. Specifically, the report examines the potential economic-development effects of consolidating Allegheny County and the City of Pittsburgh. Advocates of a metropolitan approach to planning and governance have championed consolidation of local governments for many years. Too many government units spread over too small a geographic area have been seen to be the cause of a long litany of ills, including, for example, urban sprawl, barriers to job growth and business development, and more-expensive-than-necessary government. This report seeks to contribute to understanding the effect of consolidation on future economic development, which is especially critical as Pittsburgh and Allegheny County consider again how their two governments might act to better meet the needs of the region. The Citizens Advisory Committee on the Efficiency and Effectiveness of City-County Government sponsored the research reported here.Related RAND research is presented in the following documents:
The Rand Environment, Energy, and Economic Development ProgramThis research was conducted under the auspices of the Environment, Energy, and Economic Development Program (EEED) within RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (ISE). The mission of ISE is to improve the development, operation, use, and protection of society's essential physical assets and natural resources and to enhance the related social assets of safety and security of individuals in transit and in their workplaces and communities. The EEED research portfolio addresses environmental quality and regulation, energy resources and systems, water resources and systems, climate, natural hazards and disasters, and economic development-both domestically and internationally. EEED research is conducted for government, foundations, and the private sector.iv Government Consolidation and Economic Development in Allegheny County and the City of PittsburghQuestions or comments about this report should be sent to the project leader, Rae Archibald (Rae_Archibald@rand.org). Information about EEED is available online (http://www. rand.org/ise/environ). Inquiries about EEED projects should be sent to the following address:
The research described in this report was prepared for the Building Owners and Managers Association of Greater Los Angeles (BOMA). RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND ® is a registered trademark. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of its research sponsors.
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