International audienceThe Dy3+ doped Ga5Ge20Sb10S65 bulk glass provides good emission efficiency in the middle IR with a better brightness than the blackbody sources. Sulfide single index fibers doped with Dy3+ (500-3000 ppm) were drawn with optical attenuation of about 1-3 dB/m, suitable to develop fluorescence sources for chem. anal. by optical absorption in middle IR. They particularly present a broad emission around 4-5 μm, making them attractive for CO2 detection. Considering the low cost and efficient Dy3+ pumping scheme by means of a com. laser diode, the Dy3+ sulfide fiber reveals potential for developing a CO2 optical sensor. Using the 4.35 μm broad emission of a Dy3+ doped Ga5Ge20Sb10S65 fiber combined with a differential measurement technique, the CO2 gas concn. measurement was carried out fruitfully. For this specific application, the CO2 detection threshold was fixed at about 400 ppm corresponding to atm. concn. and was successfully reached for a cell length of 1.5 cm with a resoln. of about 5%. The sensitivity of the setup is mainly related to the size of the cell, deliberately reduced to develop a robust and compact system for natural geol. sites
Abstract:The primary objective of this study is the development of transparent thin film materials in the IR enabling strong infrared absorption of organic compounds in the vicinity of metal nanoparticles by the surface plasmon effect. For developing these optical micro-sensors, heterostructures combining gold nanoparticles and chalcogenide planar waveguides are fabricated and adequately characterized. Single As 2 S 3 and Ge 25 Sb 10 Se 65 amorphous chalcogenide thin films are prepared by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering. For the fabrication of gold nanoparticles on a chalcogenide planar waveguide, direct current sputtering is employed. Fabricated single layers or hetero-structures are characterized using various techniques to investigate the influence of deposition parameters. The nanoparticles of gold are functionalized by a self-assembled monolayer of 4-nitrothiophenol. Finally, the surface enhanced infrared absorption spectra of 4-nitrothiophenol self-assembled on fabricated Au/Ge-Sb-Se thin films hetero-structures are measured and analyzed. This optical component presents a ~24 enhancement factor for the detection of NO 2 symmetric stretching vibration band of 4-nitrothiophenol at 1336 cm −1 . 232-239 (1999). 19. L. Tichý, H. Ticha, P. Nagels, R. Callaerts, R. Mertens, and M. Vlcek, "Optical properties of amorphous As-Se and Ge-As-Se thin films," Mater. Lett. 39(2), 122-128 (1999). 20. J. Charrier, M. L. Anne, H. Lhermite, V. Nazabal, J. P. Guin, F. Charpentier, T. Jouan, F. Henrio, D. Bosc, and J. L. Adam, "Sulphide GaxGe25-xSb10S65(x=0,5) sputtered films: Fabrication and optical characterizations of planar and rib optical waveguides," J. Appl.
Chalcogenide glasses are based on sulfur, selenium and tellurium elements, and have been studied for several decades regarding different applications. Among them, selenide glasses exhibit excellent infrared transmission in the 1 to 15 µm region. Due to their good thermo-mechanical properties, these glasses could be easily shaped into optical devices such as lenses and optical fibers. During the past decade of research, selenide glass fibers have been proved to be suitable for infrared sensing in an original spectroscopic method named Fiber Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (FEWS). FEWS has provided very nice and promising results, for example for medical diagnosis. Then, some sophisticated fibers, also based on selenide glasses, were developed: rare-earth doped fibers and microstructured fibers. In parallel, the study of telluride glasses, which can have transmission up to 28 µm due to its atom heaviness, has been intensified thanks to the DARWIN mission led by the European Space Agency (ESA). The development of telluride glass fiber enables a successful observation of CO2 absorption band located around 15 µm. In this paper we review recent results obtained in the Glass and Ceramics Laboratory at Rennes on the development of selenide to telluride glass optical fibers, and their use for spectroscopy from the mid to the far infrared ranges.
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