Malina R., Praslička J. (2008): Effect of temperature on the developmental rate, longevity and parasitism of Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Plant Protect. Sci., 44: 19-24.Temperature-dependent development, longevity and parasitism of the parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday was measured at four constant temperatures between 15°C and 30°C using Aphis pomi de Geer as host. The thresholds for egg-mummy and mummy-adult development were 6.8°C and 3.9°C, respectively. Development into mummies required an average of 146.3 degree-days (DD), while development into adults took an average of 85.3 DD. Longevity was increasing linearly in the range from 15°C to 25°C (8-15 days), but was lower at 30°C (11 days). The relationship between parasitism, recorded as percent aphids mummified, and temperature was increasing at the temperatures 15-25°C, but decreasing at higher temperatures; 10.8% of the aphids were parasitised at 15°C, 15.9% at 25°C and 14.6% at 30°C. These results are compared with previously reported data on temperature-dependent development of A. ervi on a different host.Keywords: Aphidius ervi; development time; parasitism; longevity; thermal constants 20 Vol. 44, Plant Protect. Sci. Ohta & Ohtaishi (2003) have reported also the temperature-dependent longevity of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead. The apple aphid, Aphis pomi de Geer, is a common inhabitant of apple orchards. Dense populations may cause abnormal growth of terminal shoots, reduce the levels of non-structural carbohydrates in shoots, roots and leaves and lower the yield of fruit (Kaakeh et al. 1993).The knowledge of thermal constants and lower development thresholds provides essential information to determine the development rate of a particular species of arthropod (Jarošík et al. 2002). Thermal constants are frequently used to create predictive models of pest development in various environments, including stored products (Subramanyam et al. 1990), greenhouses and orchards (Graf et al. 1996).We studied the effect of temperature on the development, percentage of parasitism and longevity of Aphidius ervi at four constant temperatures to evaluate its potential as a biological agent to control Aphis pomi. MATERiAL AnD METhoDsHost aphid source. Aphis pomi colonies used in this study originated from a single collection of wild aphids from apple trees in the town Banská Bystrica (48°44'N, 19°08'E) in April 2006. The colonies were maintained on fresh apple tree shoots (replaced every 2 days after all aphids had migrated from dry to fresh shots) in a thermostat at 25 ± 1°C, 60 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hours. After a 1-month rearing period, the colonies were used for parasitoid experiments.Parasitoid source. Aphidius ervi were obtained from a single collection of aphid mummies from apple trees in the town Banská Bystrica in May 2006. Mummies were kept individually in small glass vials (5 × 1.5 cm) under the same temperature and humidity conditions as aphids. Mummies were checked daily and parasitoid adults retrieved as they hatc...

During 2005-2007, 1,332 individuals of predatory mites were found in integrated and ecological orchards in Slovakia. Seven predatory mite species of the family Phytoseiidae, namely Phytoseius echinus, Phytoseiulus macropilis, Euseius finlandicus, Typhlodromus pyri, Paraseiulus triporus, Amblyseius andersoni and Neoseiulella tiliarum, were identified. Out of 1,332 individuals, 519 (39.0%) were found in the apple orchards and 813 (61.0%) in the pear orchards. Out of all predatory mite individuals, 460 (34.5%) were found in the integrated pest management system (IPM) and 872 (65.5%) in the ecological pest management system (EPM). In apple orchards, P. echinus was dominant and constituted 49.3% of the detected mites. In pear orchards, E. finlandicus was dominant and constituted 48.7% of the detected mites. Typhlodromus pyri was also abundant, especially in pear orchards. The other species were less abundant.

Objectives. The objective of this study is to compare the impact of early and late reconstruction of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate on the growth and development of the front of the dentoalveolar arch. Methods. This study was carried out in the years 2012–2015 at the Clinic of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery in Banska Bystrica. Infants with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate were divided into 2 groups according to the timing of lip reconstruction. Group A consisted of infants with early lip reconstruction–realised in the first 14 days of life. Group B consisted of infants with later lip reconstruction–realised in the third month of age. Maxillary dental casts were obtained for each child in four periods–in the first 14 days of life, in the third month, in the sixth month and in the age of one year. These were followed by the identification, measurement and evaluation of anthropometric parameters. Results. Significant differences were occurred after the reconstruction of the lips in linear and angle measurements between infants in the A and B groups. Conclusion. The early surgical reconstruction of the lips in the first 14 days of life has a positive effect on the growth and development of the anterior segment of the dentoalveolar arch. Early lip reconstruction forms a continuous pressure on the frontal segment, resulting in the earlier remedy of anatomical properties and creates appropriate conditions for the best development of this area.

Objectives. The objective of this study is to compare the impact of early and late reconstruction of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate on the growth and development of the front of the dentoalveolar arch. Methods. This study was carried out in the years 2012 -2015 at the Clinic of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery in Banska Bystrica. Infants with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate were divided into 2 groups according to the timing of lip reconstruction. Group A consisted of infants with early lip reconstruction -realised in the first 14 days of life. Group B consisted of infants with later lip reconstruction -realised in the third month of age. Maxillary dental casts were obtained for each child in four periods -in the first 14 days of life, in the third month, in the sixth month and in the age of one year. These were followed by the identification, measurement and evaluation of anthropometric parameters. Results. Significant differences were occurred after the reconstruction of the lips in linear and angle measurements between infants in the A and B groups. Conclusion. The early surgical reconstruction of the lips in the first 14 days of life has a positive effect on the growth and development of the anterior segment of the dentoalveolar arch. Early lip reconstruction forms a continuous pressure on the frontal segment, resulting in the earlier remedy of anatomical properties and creates appropriate conditions for the best development of this area.PeerJ PrePrints | https://dx.Abstract 19 Objectives. The objective of this study is to compare the impact of early and late reconstruction 20 of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate on the growth and development of the front of the 21 dentoalveolar arch. 22 Methods. This study was carried out in the years 2012 -2015 at the Clinic of Plastic, 23 Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery in Banska Bystrica. Infants with unilateral complete cleft 24 lip and palate were divided into 2 groups according to the timing of lip reconstruction. Group A 25 consisted of infants with early lip reconstruction -realised in the first 14 days of life. Group B 26 consisted of infants with later lip reconstruction -realised in the third month of age. Maxillary 27 dental casts were obtained for each child in four periods -in the first 14 days of life, in the third 28 month, in the sixth month and in the age of one year. These were followed by the identification, 29 measurement and evaluation of anthropometric parameters. 30 Results. Significant differences were occurred after the reconstruction of the lips in linear and 31 angle measurements between infants in the A and B groups. 32 Conclusion. The early surgical reconstruction of the lips in the first 14 days of life has a positive 33 effect on the growth and development of the anterior segment of the dentoalveolar arch. Early lip 34 reconstruction forms a continuous pressure on the frontal segment, resulting in the earlier remedy 35 of anatomical properties and creates appropriate conditions for the best developmen...

Biological invasion as one of the main threats to natural ecosystems has big economic impact on conservation of nature. Studies of the population biology of invasive species may allow more precise focus on specific plant and soil characteristics involved in invasiveness. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between selected biological population characteristics of Impatiens parviflora and a few chosen chemical and physical soil features. Sites were selected because of the poor mapping of invasive plants in the protected natural areas and their interactions with specific soil characteristics. Research on I. parviflora was realised during a vegetation season in three forest nature reserves in Prešov district, Slovakia. Some population biological characteristics of I. parviflora as one of the most invasive plant species in Slovakia and Central Europe were surveyed. The correlation between the numbers of plants was analysed, as well as select population biological characteristics of I. parviflora (plant height, width of the largest leaf and the number of flowers/fruits) on some select chemical and physical soil attributes (soil pH, bulk density, porosity and soil moisture) were analysed. The results suggest that biological characteristics of I. parviflora in three different microhabitats – a meadow (a habitat without tree vegetation), a habitat close to the stumps and a habitat under dense tree vegetation seemed to influence the selected soil parameters. Our results showed that I. parviflora prefers acidic and non-compacted soil conditions. Sunlight and soil moisture do not show statistically significant differences on any biological characteristic of the population. The results also suggest that the autecology of I. parviflora in Western and Central Europe is not very well known and deserves further study.