Abstract:The complete preparation of the root canal space is one of the most important stages in endodontic treatment. While the root canal space is being prepared, debris, irrigant, necrotic tissue or bacteria may be extruded into the periapical region, leading to periapical inflammation and postoperative flare-ups. The aim of this study is to compare in vitro the amount of debris and irrigant extruded apically after a root canal preparation, using two instrumentation techniques-the conventional hand "step back" technique with SS K-files and the engine-driven "crown down" technique with Ni-Ti K3 files. Two groups of 20 extracted teeth with single canals were used. In group 1 (10 teeth), the root canals were instrumented using a "step back" technique and stainless steel K-files. In group 2 (10 teeth), the root canals were instrumented using a "crown-down" technique and nickel-titanium K3 rotary instruments. Debris and irrigant extruded from the apical foramen during instrumentation were collected into vials and the amounts were measured. The debris extruded through the apical foramen in group 1 (K-files) was 0.400 mg and in group 2 (K3 files)-0.225 mg. The volume of the extruded irrigant was 0.443 mL in group 1 and 0.247 mL in group 2. The time taken for instrumentation was 13 min for the step back technique and 8.7 min for the crown-down technique. There is a significant difference in the amount of debris and irrigant produced between the two groups. During biomechanical preparation of the root canal space, debris and irrigant were extruded through the apical foramen by both instrumentation techniques.
In recent years we have seen rapid development of digital technologies in dental medicine. The use of CAD / CAM technology and 3D printing is increasing. Digital impression techniques are used to improve the quality and accuracy of dental restorations-directly via an intraoral scanner or indirectly through a laboratory scanner. The purpose of this review is to present the literature data on the impact of different impression methods on the accuracy of dental constructions.
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