In 2016 within the RED Project Roman Economy in Dalmatia: production, distribution and demand in the light of pottery workshops, 5 selected areas around the Podšilo Bay were geophysically surveyed. During the fieldworks in the Lopar protected area, located in the northeastern part of the Island of Rab a gradiometer, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were used. The main aim of the project was to document presence of the Roman architecture in two areas of the bay's hinterland as suggested earlier by finds of pottery and glass. Geophysical studies conducted in the Lopar area revealed presence of underground remains of ancient structures, probably from the late Roman period and connected with a ceramic production centre at the present seashore. The most interesting results were obtained for the area no. 4, the site where magnetic, georadar and ERT surveys revealed an ancient regular building at 0.4-0.6 m depth. The survey performed in the Lopar area clearly indicates that integration of different geophysical methods enables detailed and effective identification of buried archaeological structures.

Geological and geotechnical engineering field tests, like structure drillings and dynamic (DPL, DPSH) or static probing (CPT), are considered for a fundamental source of information about soil and water environments. Since Eurocode 7 has been introduced, it has become more common to use also dilatometers (DMT) or pressure meters (PMT). Results obtained using all the mentioned tests are always of a discrete nature - information is provided in certain points in the field. However, they determine the basis for creating spatial models of geological structure and geotechnical condi- tions of a substratum. The range and number of investigations conducted (including drilling, probing and laboratory tests) influence precision, in which a geological structure is identified and thus, also affect probability of compatibility between spatial model and real geological conditions of a substratum. In the paper, results of non-invasive electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method are presented, comprising 2-dimensional image of a soil medium resistance. Electrical resistance is a parameter that reflects diversification of a soil medium, considering its lithological aspect. In addition, when combined with drilling results, it can be used to accurate determination of boundaries between soil layers. Carrying out of ERT tests in the field during expressway construction contributed to identification of weak, low-strength soils like organic soils (peat, aggradated mud) and of soft consistency cohesive soils. These kinds of soil are the main cause for unacceptable deformations appearing in the new road engineering structure.

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ABSTRACT:Konon, A., Ostrowski, S., Rybak-Ostrowska, B., Ludwiniak, M., Śmigielski, M., Wyglądała, M., Uroda, J., Kowalczyk, S., Mieszkowski, R. and Kłopotowska, A. 2016. Mnin restraining stepover -evidence of significant Cretaceous-Cenozoic dextral strike-slip faulting along the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone? Acta Geologica Polonica, 66 (3), 429-449. Warszawa.A newly recognized Mnin restraining stepover is identified in the Permo-Mesozoic cover of the western part of the Late Palaeozoic Holy Cross Mountains Fold Belt (Poland), within a fault pattern consisting of dextral strikeslip faults. The formation of a large contractional structure at the Late Cretaceous -Cenozoic transition displays the significant role of strike-slip faulting along the western border of the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone, in the foreland of the Polish part of the Carpathian Orogen. Theoretical relationships between the maximum fault offsets/mean step length, as well as between the maximum fault offsets/mean step width allowed the estimation of the values of possible offsets along the Snochowice and Mieczyn faults forming the Mnin stepover. The estimated values suggest displacements of as much as several tens of kilometres. The observed offset along the Tokarnia Fault and theoretical calculations suggest that the strike-slip faults west of the Late Palaeozoic Holy Cross Mountains Fold Belt belong to a large strike-slip fault system.We postulate that the observed significant refraction of the faults forming the anastomosing fault pattern is related also to the interaction of the NW-SE-striking faults formed along the western border of the TeisseyreTornquist Zone and the reactivated WNW-ESE-striking faults belonging to the fault systems of the northern margin of the Tethys Ocean.

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