With annual data for the period 1980-2008, the authors explore the nexus between information and communications technology (ICT), tourism and growth in Fiji's economy. A growth equation estimation using the bounds test shows that tourism contributes about 0.23% in the long run and 0.19% in the short run, and ICT contributions are 1.07% and 0.89%, respectively. The Granger causality test reveals a unidirectional causality going from capital stock to ICT, ICT to tourism and real per capita GDP to tourism. Hence, the study finds that ICT investment and tourism market development are crucial for Fiji's growth and development.

We examine whether tourism sector development measured by visitor arrivals per capita has asymmetric growth effects in the Cook Islands using quarterly data from 2010Q1 to 2016Q3. Asymmetric cointegration, long-run elasticities, and dynamic multipliers are estimated using the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model developed by Shin et al. Asymmetric causality testing is done using the asymmetric vector autoregression approach with insights from Hatemi-J. We identify structural breaks using the Lee and Strazicich multiple endogenous structural break unit root test. The results indicate that a 1% increase in visitor arrivals would increase gross domestic product (GDP) per capita by 0.92%, whereas a 1% decrease in visitor arrivals would decrease GDP per capita by 0.34%. The identified breaks, 2013Q2 and 2015Q3, are positive and significant in the short run only. The causality result confirms a bidirectional association, thus mutually reinforcing the asymmetric relationship between visitor arrivals and economic growth.

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