Hiccups can be idiopathic, psychogenic and organic, with drugs being one of the most important causes of hiccups. Although the exact pathophysiological processes involved are still poorly understood, the neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been documented to play a significant role in the generation of hiccups. We report on two patients with cellulitis who developed hiccups with the use of tramadol as an analgesic. The possible mechanisms and clinical implications of this rare adverse event are discussed. Both patients recovered from the hiccups with the use of baclofen tablets.
Bilateral pitting edema is rare adverse drug reaction observed in the psychiatry department. Drug related pedal edema is most commonly seen with ACE inhibitors, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug, and calcium channel blockers. But pitting edema with Sodium valproate is very rare. Here, we report two cases of Sodium valproate-induced bilateral pitting edema.
Background: Depression is a common mental disorder results due to deficiency of neurotransmitter in the brain. Various medicinal properties of jatamansi are mentioned in Ayurveda. This study evaluated effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of rhizomes of Nordostachys jatamansi DC per se and in combination with fluoxetine in wistar albino rats and swiss albino mice.Methods: Animals of either sex were selected and randomly divided in test group. Jatamansi extract 10:1 and fluoxetine hydrochloride dissolved in distilled water were used. Animals were tested for forced swimming test, tail suspension test and locomotor after given test drug. Results were compared with control and analysed.Results: Nardostachys jatamansi DC, when given to rats showed dose dependent increase in number of rotation during forced swimming test in rats. During forced swimming test in glass jar statistically significant decrease in immobility was observed. Nardostachys jatamansi DC, when given to mice dose dependent statistically significant decrease in immobility time, swimming time and climbing observed. When given along with combination of fluoxetine it shows statistically significant difference in result, confirmed that it can have synergistic antidepressant activity. When used for locomotor activity in mice none of the test drugs significantly increase or decrease the locomotor activity.Conclusions: Jatamansi showed antidepressant like property in various tests conducted on rats and mice. It showed statistically significant result with increasing dose and had synergic effect when given along with fluoxetine.
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