The egg parasitoids Trichogramma spp. were used in a large scale application in different agriculture systems and the species Trichogramma evanescens (Westwood) showed a very promising results when used against lesser date moth Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterygidae). The efficiency of the parasitoids is affected by many environmental factors including temperature. The effect of different temperature regimes on some biological characteristics of T. evanescens was investigated when reared on the egg B. amydraula under laboratory conditions. The longest life span was 35 days recorded at 15°C while the shortest one was 7 days at 33°C. The optimum temperature for the development of this parasitoid ranged between 22 and 27°C. The upper development threshold temperature was 38.4°C and the lower was 11.14°C. Results also showed that the highest parasitism rate was 94.4% recorded at 25±2°C. Adult emergence and female longevity were also influenced by temperature. The feasibility of the results in mass production and the use of the parasitoid for the control of lesser date moth also discussed.
Study of the efficiency of different concentrations of Lecanicillium lecanii isolates in protecting citrus trees from infection by Microcerotermes diversus silv. (isoptera: termitidae) in Iraq
In this study; the genus of Sinoxylon Duftschmid, 1825 (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae) was revised. There were 3 species registered in our investigations: S. anale Lesne, 1897; S. ceratoniae (Linnaeus, 1758) and S. muricatum (Olivier, 1790), the last species was redescribed as being found for the first time for the Iraqi faunal insects. Key to the species were constructed and supported by figures of the main diagnostic characters and some morphological features.
In this paper, the species of the genus of Chlaenius Bonelli, 1810 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) were reviewed, and it was revealed that there are 21 confirmed species in Iraq; among them, the species of Chlaenius hamifer Chaudoir, 1856 was recorded for the first time in Iraq.
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