Seiring dengan meningkatnya populasi manusia menyebabkan penggunaan energi fossil seperti minyak bumi juga ikut meningkat. Sedangkan energi fossil merupakan salah satu penyumbang terbesar emisi karbon yang dapat menyebabkan perubahan iklim. Hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengendalikan perubahan iklim tersebut adalah dengan beralih kepada penggunaan energi terbarukan. Studi berupa rancang bangun sudu turbin Savonius sumbu vertikal. Dimana, sudu dibuat menggunakan bahan komposit berupa serat karbon dengan variasi jumlah sudu yaitu 4, 6 dan 8 buah. Hasil studi dilakukan pengujian menggunkan sumber angin dari blower dengan kecepatan angin yaitu 4m/s; 4,5m/s; dan 5 m/s. Dalam pengujian menggunakan pengarah angin (wind tunnel) yang dibuat menggunakan bahan akriklik dan pipa sebagai kontruksi rangka. Hasil pengujian mendapatkan daya generator makmsimum dicapai oleh sudu turbin dengan jumlah sudu 4 pada nilai kecepatan angin 5 m/s dengan 0,274 watt. Sedangkan daya output terendah berada pada sudu turbin dengan jumlah blade 8 pada kecepatan angin 4 m/s dengan nilai daya senilai 0,0028 W. Lalu, dengan 8 sudu memiliki energi output yang cukup rendah dibandingka dengan jumlah sudu 4 dan 6. Penelitian juga mendapatkan nilai performasi tertinggi dari penggunaan jumlah sudu yaitu mencapai 9,16% efisiensi generator, sedangkan untuk jumlah 4 sudu serta didapat efisiensi terendah sebesar 0,07% untuk jumlah sudu 8.
Energy consumption and environmental pollutants have to become present issues. So, the reduced of energy fossil in the community is to overcome the highly prices of oil and gas. Therefore, an alternative energy innovation from biomass is needed. Gasification is to energy produces from solid material to convert into gases such as sawdust, leaves, rice husks and more gases. In this study, we made a small-scale design of biomass gasification. It will give more several advantages such as simple design, especially for rural area. In this research, we used methods consists of five stages. First is literature study; secondly to design and material process; thirdly is manufacturing and assembly; next stages is measurement and data collection; and the last stages is testing, which is evaluating the performance of gasification as possible modifying tools if needed. In this design, we used a fan-blower to supply fresh air as limited oxygen into the fuel column. The results of test, we obtained an average boiling time, the pot stove of 60 minutes which the temperature rises from 47.24 o C to 66 o C. It showed the temperature pot stove have to highest reached to 79.5 o C as the temperature available to water boiling. The performance test given the results as the hot start as the flame-fire temperature on top the stove. We obtained the highest temperature is to 146 o C and the average temperature is reached to 104.9 o C. Based on that we estimated energy is to 5.314 kJ/hr, is required cooking for one family in Indonesia, the coned downdraft gasification was design and assembly; the total height and diameter of 0.752m and of 0.158m. We found the thermal temperature reaches during the operation time varying between 45.8% -64.4% it's lowest to the highest value test using thermocouple data. As a conclusion of this study, we obtained the temperature of pot-stove is slowly reaches from 59.5% to 71.6% of boiling water.
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