Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to millions of deaths worldwide. Old age, immunocompromised state and multiple comorbidities are described as risk factors. Kyphoscoliosis (KS) is the most common spine abnormality and a risk factor of respiratory failure. Management of pneumonia in a patient with severe kyphoscoliosis is challenging to the intensivist. We report successful management of two patients with severe kyphoscoliosis who developed severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
Pulmonary tuberculosis is commonly seen in India. The usual presentation of the disease is in the form of consolidation involving the upper lobe or the superior segment of the lower lobe. But sometimes the disease has an atypical presentation. Here, we are describing a case report in which the pulmonary tuberculosis presented radiologically as a lung mass and the diagnosis was made by fine needle aspiration cytology from the mass like opacity in the right lung.
Phyllodes tumor of the breast is an uncommon fibroepithelial neoplasm and accounts for less than 1% of the primary breast neoplasms. The median age of its occurrence is 40-50 years. It has been sub-classified histologically as benign, borderline or malignant. Accurate preoperative diagnosis and proper management are crucial for this tumor as it has a high potential for recurrence. The diagnosis of this rare tumor is based on clinical examination, radiology and cytology, but it is the histopathology which is the gold standard for it. Surgery is the treatment of choice, whereas chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy have got limited role so far. We report a rare case of recurrent malignant phyllodes tumor in a young nulliparous female, which is not the usual age group for this tumor.
Tracheal diverticulum is a rare entity usually found incidentally on CT thorax or post-mortem. We are here describing an interesting case of a 28 year old male who presented to us with hemoptysis and symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection and was found to have tracheal diverticulum on further evaluation by CT thorax and fibreoptic bronchoscopy.
Background: Chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) is a chronic lung condition that interferes with normal breathing. In common practice, CAO includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. The present study was planned to be carried out in a tertiary care center to evaluate the profile of patients with chronic airflow obstruction with an aim to establish a cause-effect relationship between various disorders with chronic airflow obstruction.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of different respiratory diseases among patients diagnosed as cases of chronic airflow obstruction and to evaluate the clinical and demographic profile of patients to find out risk factors and their role in etiology of chronic obstructive airflow.
Materials and Methods: We studied demographic details of the patients, smoking history, biomass exposure, and tubercular history. All the patients were clinically examined and were subjected to pulmonary function assessment. The diagnosis of the patients was made on the basis of clinical features and outcome of spirometry. COPD was graded depending on post-bronchodilator FEV1% predicted as (GOLD, 2022).
Results: Among patients with chronic airway obstruction, the number of patients diagnosed as COPD was highest (68%) followed by bronchial asthma (19%) and bronchectasis (13%). Among COPD population, 48% were smokers and 20% were non-smokers. Age of patients with bronchial asthma was significantly lower than that of other groups. In the present study, proportion of males diagnosed as COPD (NS) was significantly lower (P<0.001) as compared to other groups.
Conclusion: The findings in the present study highlighted that different types of CAO can affect a wide variety of population groups and share a number of risk factors; however, some demographic and clinical factors help in understanding the specific risks and type of disorder. A Change in environmental conditions and lifestyle can change the spectrum of CAO disorders.
Endobronchial tuberculosis (TB) or tracheobronchial TB is defined as tuberculous infection of the tracheobronchial tree with microbial and histopathological evidence. Here, in this article, we are reporting four surprising cases of endobronchial TB which came to our institution with clinical symptoms and signs suggestive of TB but chest X-rays were within normal limit and sputum microscopies were repeatedly negative. Bronchoscopy was performed which showed endobronchial lesions. Hence, early diagnosis and treatment were possible for these patients.
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