The solar water heater can be integrated into future residential buildings as the main energy source, which will subsequently reduce the energy cost of water heating. An original configuration for an efficient Domestic Hot Water (DHW) storage tank is developed and experimentally evaluated under Saharan climate. This novel DHW configuration includes a hybrid (solar and electric) energy system with a flat plate solar collector coupled with an electric heater. Additionally, a phase change material (PCM) mixture that is composed of paraffin wax and animal fat with a melting temperature between 35.58 °C and 62.58 °C and latent heat between 180 and 210 kJ/kg is integrated into this novel tank configuration. The experimental results indicated that hot water production by using latent heat storage could be economically attractive. By evaluating the cost of water heating expressed in Algerian dinar per liter (DZD/L), it was found that one liter of hot water may cost around 0.1362 DZD/L (i.e., 0.00096 USD/L) compared to 0.4431 DZD/L for the conventional water heater, an average energy cost savings of 69.26%. On a yearly basis, the average energy cost savings may reach up to 80.25% if optimal tilt for the solar collector is adopted on a monthly basis. The flat plate collector may be vulnerable to convective heat transfer; therefore, other solar collectors, such as vacuum tube collectors, may provide enhanced energy performance.
For any new applicable and profitable investment in the thermal field of any region, we aim to eliminate or renovate conventional heating and air conditioning systems with new systems, which will work with new energies or renewable. First, you need to know the climate characteristics of these regions. In this study, we determine the diagnosis of the climate of arid and semi-arid regions, taking Ghardaï a as an example. These concerns air conditioning, heating, cold, ventilation, thermal water, for all this, we use the data from the two weather stations located on the Terrace of our research unit applied to renewable energies (URAER), Ghardaï a, for the last five years (2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016), to calculate the day degrees heating and air conditioning (DJC and DJF) and the obtained results have been compared with the RET Screen motor from (1980_2006). Our approach allows us to discover a simple graphic method to characterize the seasons of Ghardaï a; applicable for any region around the world. In addition, it allows the real determination of the hygrothermal comfort of the region as well as the thermal characteristics of the MCPs adaptable to the Saharan climate.
This paper designs a novel estimation model for the temperature of limestone soil, which is abundant in Ghardaia in the Sahara of Algeria. The model was developed based on the radial basis function (RBF), and used to predict soil heat based on two inputs, namely, air temperature and solar radiation. The raw data were collected over more than three years by a meteorological station in the study area. For comparison, the soil temperature was also measured by soil probes arranged at an equal interval. The soil heat predicted by our model based on the raw data were contrasted with the results of field measurement. On this basis, the thermal comfort range of limestone soil for airconditioning systems was determined. The results show that our model can effectively estimate the temperature of limestone soil in the study area, the thermal comfort range of limestone soil falls between 17.43°C and 29.90°C at the depth of 0.40m, and the temperature near the soil surface (<5m) has seasonal variations.
The main objective of this research is to design an improved refrigeration system incorporating a phase change material; experimental measurements have been carried out to reduce energy consumption. The adopted method was based on the comparison of two cases: the first corresponded to a classical cell and the second concerned an isolated experimental cell with phase change material (PCM) eutectic plates. An energy saving of up to 12.88% has been recorded. In the event of leaks, the operation will subsequently generate an over-consumption which was estimated at 22.03% compared to the initial consumption and 42.16% for a cell combined with eutectic plates. An incorrect choice of the thermostat temperature leads to unnecessary and expensive energy consumption. These materials have helped us to limit and sometimes almost avoid the stratification of temperature; on average, the temperature stratification was 0.68°C per 23 cm. A better air circulation from the evaporator can be promoted with a correct food distribution; it is possible, therefore, to reduce significantly the over-consumption due to cooling/freezing of the food. For a programmable thermostat (-10°C), a light over-consumption that can reach only 1.69% for bread and about 0.40% for water has been achieved.
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