Persons with depression are more likely to smoke cigarettes and have greater difficulty quitting smoking. Community-based and public health approaches may need to begin considering the links between depression and smoking in order to best target the current smokers in the population and develop more effective tobacco control campaigns.

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Introduction Although there are racial/ethnic differences in cigarette use, little is known about how non-cigarette tobacco use differs among racial/ethnic groups. This study investigated trends in cigar use from 2002 to 2016, by racial/ethnic group, in nationally representative US data. Methods Data were drawn from the 2002–2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health public use data files (total analytic sample n = 630 547 including 54 060 past-month cigar users). Linear time trends of past-month cigar use were examined by racial/ethnic group (Non-Hispanic [NH] White, NH Black, Hispanic, NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity) using logistic regression models. Results In 2016, the prevalence of past-month cigar use was significantly higher among NH Black respondents than among other racial/ethnic groups (ps < .001). Cigar use was also higher among NH White respondents than among Hispanic and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity respondents. The year by racial/ethnic group interaction was significant (p < .001). Past-month cigar use decreased significantly from 2002 to 2016 among NH White and Hispanic respondents (ps = .001), whereas no change in prevalence was observed among NH Black (p = .779) and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity respondents (p = .152). Cigar use decreased for NH White men (p < .001) and did not change for NH White women (p = .884). Conversely, cigar use increased for NH Black women (p < .001) and did not change for NH Black men (p = .546). Conclusions Cigar use remains significantly more common among NH Black individuals in the United States and is not declining among NH Black and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity individuals over time, in contrast to declines among NH White and Hispanic individuals. Implications This study identified racial/ethnic differences in trends in past-month cigar use over 15 years among annual cross-sectional samples of US individuals. The highest prevalence of cigar use in 2016 was found among NH Black individuals. In addition, cigar use prevalence did not decline from 2002 to 2016 among NH Black and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity groups over time, in contrast to NH White and Hispanic groups. Further, cigar use increased over time for NH Black women. Targeted public health and clinical efforts may be needed to decrease the prevalence of cigar use, especially for NH Black individuals.

Introduction: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is an obsessivecompulsive related disorder characterized by an individual's preoccupation with the appearance of at least 1 perceived physical flaw. The bodily concerns held by individuals with BDD are largely unnoticeable, if at all, to other individuals. Those living with BDD are compelled to engage in repetitive behaviors or cognitive acts that interfere with daily function and activities. Despite the high prevalence of BDD in patients who seek cosmetic procedures (ie, as high as 1 in 5 such patients) and the availability of validated screening tools for this disorder, implementing a protocol of regularly screening for BDD is only rarely practiced by surgeons. Few studies have investigated its prevalence in the setting of elective dentoalveolar and orthognathic procedures. With the scope of practice of maxillofacial surgeons expanding in recent years to include facial cosmetic procedures, it is becoming increasingly important to screen for such disorders so that patients and physicians can appropriately weigh the risks and benefits of surgical intervention. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study (n ¼ 46) consisting of 3 groups of patients, who were seeking either facial cosmetic, orthognathic, or dentoalveolar procedures. All patients in the study were screened for BDD using the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ) and assessed for severity of disorder using the BDDQ severity scale. Additional patient variables included age, sex, history of psychiatric diagnosis, primary diagnosis, and type of operation/procedure being sought.Results: Among the 3 groups, patients seeking dentoalveolar surgery were the most represented (67%) in this sample, followed by cosmetic surgery (27%) and orthognathic surgery (6%). Twenty-six female participants and 20 male participants were included, with an overall mean age of 38 years. Two percent of participants carried a previous psychiatric diagnosis and 10.8% of the sample were classified as high-risk for BDD. The group containing the highest proportion of patients at high-risk for BDD were those seeking facial cosmetic procedures (16.7%), followed by those seeking dentoalveolar procedures (10%); none of the patients seeking orthognathic procedures were found to be at high-risk for BDD (0%). Conclusions: The BDDQ is an efficient way to screen for BDD in patients who are seeking orthognathic or facial cosmetic surgery. In our sample, patients presenting to maxillofacial surgeons for facial cosmetic surgery were found to score significantly higher on the BDDQ than those presenting for dentoalveolar surgery. In contrast to results of previous literature, patients seeking orthognathic surgery in our sample demonstrated no elevated risk for BDD, a finding which may be attributable to our small sample size. Ultimately, the data obtained from this study can aid surgeons in identifying patients with BDD in their own surgical practice, so that they may appropriately triage patients who may, or may not, benefit from surgica...

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by high-rates of depression with limited evidence-based treatment options to improve mood. Objective: To expand therapeutic options, we evaluated the feasibility and effect of a telehealth mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention adapted for PD (MBCT-PD) in a sample of participants with DSM-5 depressive disorders. Methods: Fifteen participants with PD and clinically-significant depression completed 9 sessions of MBCT-PD. Depression, anxiety, and quality of life were evaluated at baseline, endpoint, and 1-month follow-up. Results: Telehealth MBCT-PD was feasible and beneficial. Completion rates exceeded 85% and treatment satisfaction rates were high. Notable improvements were observed for depression, anxiety, and quality of life over the course of the trial. Conclusion: Telehealth MBCT-PD shows promise and warrants further evaluation via randomized clinical trial with more diverse participants. Such research holds the potential to expand the range of therapeutic options for depression in PD, thereby setting the stage for personalized care.