Objective-To summarize the prevalence of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) from studies in the United States, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Design-Pooled analysis using individual population-based data.Participants-Individual participant data from population-based studies around the world that had ascertained RVO from fundus photographs.Methods-Each study provided data on branch RVO and central RVO by age, sex, and ethnicity. Prevalence rates were directly age and sex standardized to the 2008 world population aged 30 years and older. Estimates were calculated by study and, after pooling, by ethnicity. Summary estimates included studies in which RVO was assessed from fundus photographs on ≥2 fields of both eyes. Main Outcome Measures-Any RVO, CRVO, or BRVO.Results-The combined pooled data contained 68,751 individuals from 15 studies, with participants' ages ranging from 30 to 101 years. In analyses of 11 studies that assessed ≥2 fundus fields of both eyes (n=49,869), the age-and sex-standardized prevalence was 5.20 per 1000 (confidence interval [CI], 4.40-5.99) for any RVO, 4.42 per 1000 (CI, 3.65-5.19) for BRVO, and 0.80 per 1000 (CI, 0.61-0.99) for CRVO. Prevalence varied by race/ethnicity and increased with age, but did not differ by gender. The age-and sex-standardized prevalence of any RVO was 3.7 per 1000 (CI, 2.8-4.6) in whites (5 studies), 3.9 per 1000 (CI, 1.8-6.0) in blacks (1 study), 5.7 per 1000 (CI, 4.5-6.8) in Asians (6 studies), and 6.9 per 1000 (CI,3) in Hispanics (3 studies). Prevalence for CRVO was lower than BRVO in all ethnic populations. On the basis of these data, an estimated (CI, adults are affected by RVO, with 2.5 million (CI, 1.9-3.1) affected by CRVO and 13.9 million (CI, 11.5-16.4) affected by BRVO. Study limitations include non-uniform sampling frames in identifying study participants and in acquisition and grading of RVO data.Conclusions-Our study provides summary data on the prevalence of RVO and suggests that approximately 16 million people may have this condition. Research on preventive and treatment strategies for this sight-threatening eye disease is needed.Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is one of the most common causes of acquired retinal vascular abnormality in adults and a frequent cause of visual loss. Despite being recognized at least as early as 1855 1 and the subject of more than 3000 publications, there are few data on the prevalence of RVO in the general population, with current estimates derived largely from studies in white populations. [2][3][4] More recently, population data have emerged from other racial/ ethnic groups, such as in Chinese, 5 Hispanics, 6 and Asian Malays. 7 The reported prevalence of RVO varies between 0.3% 4 and 1.6%. 3 The variability in prevalence rates is likely related to the small number of RVO cases in any single study, differing study methodologies (e.g., retinal photography), and possible racial/ethnic differences in distributions of RVO risk factors.Because of these limitations, estimates of RVO prevalence have been imprecise. Furthermo...

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Visual acuity generally improved in eyes with BRVO without intervention, although clinically significant improvement beyond 20/40 was uncommon.

Accurately identifying patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) who respond to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) therapy is of great clinical importance. Here we show that quantitative BRCA1 methylation analysis provides new insight into PARPi response in preclinical models and ovarian cancer patients. The response of 12 HGSOC patient-derived xenografts (PDX) to the PARPi rucaparib was assessed, with variable dose-dependent responses observed in chemo-naive BRCA1/2-mutated PDX, and no responses in PDX lacking DNA repair pathway defects. Among BRCA1-methylated PDX, silencing of all BRCA1 copies predicts rucaparib response, whilst heterozygous methylation is associated with resistance. Analysis of 21 BRCA1-methylated platinum-sensitive recurrent HGSOC (ARIEL2 Part 1 trial) confirmed that homozygous or hemizygous BRCA1 methylation predicts rucaparib clinical response, and that methylation loss can occur after exposure to chemotherapy. Accordingly, quantitative BRCA1 methylation analysis in a pre-treatment biopsy could allow identification of patients most likely to benefit, and facilitate tailoring of PARPi therapy.