The purpose of this paper is to carry out an economic and industrial evaluation on an industrial scale of NiFe2O4 production using sonochemical synthesis methods. The method used is to calculate gross profit margin (GPM), payback period (PBP), cumulative net present value (CNPV), total investment cost (TIC) and profitability index (PI). NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized with the main raw materials being Fe(NO3)3.9H2O, Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, and NaOH (1:2:8). The calculation results of GPM and CNPV/TIC from the NiFe2O4 industry using the sonochemical synthesis method show the payback period (PBP) in the third year. So that in the third year onwards it can be predicted that the industry will experience profits. This research is expected to be a reference for technical and economic analysis to produce NiFe2O4 in humidity sensor applications on an industrial scale.
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the economic and industrial scale of the production of NiFe2O4 for vehicle batteries using the hydrothermal synthesis method. The method used is to calculate gross profit margin (GPM), payback period (PBP), cumulative net present value (CNPV), total investment cost (TIC), and profitability index (PI). NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized with the main raw materials being NiCl2·6H2O, FeCl3·6H2O, and NaOH (1:2:8). Calculation results from GPM and CNPV/TIC from the NiFe2O4 industry using the hydrothermal synthesis method show the payback period (PBP) in the third year. So that in the third year onwards it can be predicted that the industry will experience profits. It is expected that NiFe2O4 can be applied on an industrial scale for Li-ion battery anodes.
Today, the application of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles is increasing in the field of technology that is in great demand, thereby increasing the demand for industrial production. The use of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles can be applied in various technologies, including aqueous batteries. Therefore, an effective method for industrial production is needed. This paper aims to discuss and compare a more efficient method in the synthesis of NiFe2O4. The research method used is a literature review of 62 papers. There are several NiFe2O4 synthesis methods, namely Coprecipitation, Citrate Precursor Technique, Mechanical Alloying, Hydrothermal, Sonochemistry, Reverse Micelle, Sol-Gel, and Pulsed Wire Discharge. The results show that the effective synthesis method of NiFe2O4 is Hydrothermal. This is because the hydrothermal method is economically feasible, environmentally friendly, and has no requirement of high temperatures in the calcination process to produce the final product. The nanoparticle size is around 29.39 nm. This paper is expected to assist in selecting the synthesis method of NiFe2O4.
Background:
This work presents the preparation and characterization of the polymeric nanocomposites based on
methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl acrylate (EA), and natural and modified clays. The clays used to prepare the composite
were natural green bentonite (GBC-N) and organophilic clays modified with ammonium quaternary salts: Praepagen (GCBP), Dodigen (GCB-D) and Praepagen/Dodigen mixture 1:1 in weight (GCB-P/D).
Objective:
The experimental studies focused on the evaluation of the effect of clays (in natura and chemically modified) on
the final quality of the polymeric nanocomposites containing around 3 wt%. of clay nanocharges in association with MMA
to produce poly(methyl methacrylate)/clays; and MMA/EA to form poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate)/clays.
Materials and Methods:
The poly(methyl methacrylate)/clay and poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate)/clay
materials were synthesized through mass-suspension polymerization process. The natural and modified green bentonite
clays were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), Differential scanning calorimetry
(DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyzes to understand its effect on
the basal spacing, d001 (compared to the pure clay), as a result of cation exchange step, in which also improved the thermal
efficiency of the final nanocomposites.
Results:
The proper incorporation of MMA and MMA/AE monomers between the layers of natural and modified clays
occurred through in situ mass-suspension polymerization, leading to a successful exfoliation of clay layers during the growth
of the polymer chains.
Conclusion:
The IR, SEM, TGA and DSC analyzes confirmed the improvement in the thermal property of the composites
compared to polymers formed in the absence of clays. The experimental results are very promising, indicating that the
experimental protocol based on the in situ formation of polymer nanocomposites by the using sequential mass-suspension
polymerization consist of an interesting tool.
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