Ethnographic accounts suggest that emotions are moderated in Chinese cultures and expressed openly in Mexican cultures. The authors tested this notion by comparing subjective, behavioral, and physiological aspects of emotional responses to 3 (warned, unwarned, instructed to inhibit responding) aversive acoustic startle stimuli in 95 Chinese Americans and 64 Mexican Americans. Subjective reports were consistent with ethnographic accounts; Chinese Americans reported experiencing significantly less emotion than Mexican Americans across all 3 startle conditions. Evidence from a nonemotional task suggested that these differences were not artifacts of cultural differences in the use of rating scales. Few cultural differences were found in emotional behavior or physiology, suggesting that these aspects of emotion are less susceptible to cultural influence.

The debate about the benefits and drawbacks of overnight schedules for young children is hotly contested in family law. This study investigated connections between occurrence of overnights, schedule consistency, number ofcaregivers, and young children's adjustment to parental separation and divorce. Families ( N = 161) with children aged 6 years or younger were recruited at the time of filing for divorce or child custody (if unmarried); follow-up data were obtained from 132 families IS to 18 months later. Results indicated that parenting plan variables are related to children's social, cognitive, and emotional behavior, with caregivers and schedule consistency more salient than overnights. Girls benefited from overnights and more caregivers, whereas boys did not. Overnighting children aged 4 to 6 years when their parents tiled manifested fewer problems 1.5 years later than did younger children. Even when controlling for parental conflict and parent-child relationship variables, the constellation of parenting plan variables contributed to young children's adaptation.

The debate about the benefits and drawbacks of overnight schedules for young children is hotly contested in family law. This study investigated connections between occurrence of overnights, schedule consistency, number of caregivers, and young children's adjustment to parental separation and divorce. Families (N= 161) with children aged 6 years or younger were recruited at the time of filing for divorce or child custody (if unmarried); follow‐up data were obtained from 132 families 15 to 18 months later. Results indicated that parenting plan variables are related to children's social, cognitive, and emotional behavior, with caregivers and schedule consistency more salient than overnights. Girls benefited from overnights and more caregivers, whereas boys did not. Overnighting children aged 4 to 6 years when their parents filed manifested fewer problems 1.5 years later than did younger children. Even when controlling for parental conflict and parent‐child relationship variable, the constellation of parenting plan variables contributed to young children's adaptation.

Retirement satisfaction was predicted from the emotional qualities of pre-retirement marital interaction in 49 male (M age = 63) and 31 female (M age = 61) retirees. In 1989, we measured physiological, behavioral, and subjective aspects of emotion while spouses discussed a conflict in their marriage. Five years later, we assessed retirement satisfaction for spouses who had retired in the intervening period. Husbands who were physiologically relaxed and affectively positive during marital interaction were happier in their subsequent retirements. Wives' retirement satisfaction was not predicted by the emotional qualities of marital interaction. KEY WORDS: emotion • long-term marriage • marital interaction • retirement satisfactionOver the course of a long-term marriage, couples will navigate a number of life transitions. Transitions that occur relatively early in marriage include moving in together, becoming a parent, children reaching adolescence, relocations, and job changes. Examples of life transitions later in marriage include becoming grandparents, changing health, death of parents, retirement, and widowhood. A common feature of these transitions is that they bring about changes in roles, identities, expectations, attitudes, and relationships both with one's spouse and with other family members. In Journal of Social and Personal Relationships