Recent estimates indicate that ∼70% of the world’s seabird populations have declined since the 1950s due to human activities. However, for almost all bird populations, there is insufficient long-term monitoring to understand baseline (i.e., preindustrial) conditions, which are required to distinguish natural versus anthropogenically driven changes. Here, we address this lack of long-term monitoring data with multiproxy paleolimnological approaches to examine the long-term population dynamics of a major colony of Leach’s Storm-petrel (Hydrobates leucorhous) on Grand Colombier Island in the St. Pierre and Miquelon archipelago—an overseas French territory in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. By reconstructing the last ∼5,800 y of storm-petrel dynamics, we demonstrate that this colony underwent substantial natural fluctuations until the start of the 19th century, when population cycles were disrupted, coinciding with the establishment and expansion of a European settlement. Our paleoenvironmental data, coupled with on-the-ground population surveys, indicate that the current colony is only ∼16% of the potential carrying capacity, reinforcing concerning trends of globally declining seabird populations. As seabirds are sentinel species of marine ecosystem health, such declines provide a call to action for global conservation. In response, we emphasize the need for enlarged protected areas and the rehabilitation of disturbed islands to protect ecologically critical seabird populations. Furthermore, long-term data, such as those provided by paleoecological approaches, are required to better understand shifting baselines in conservation to truly recognize current rates of ecological loss.
We quantified Common Murre (Uria aalge) and Thick-billed (Uria lomvia) Murre chick diets, chick-feeding rates, breeding success, chick growth, adult masses, and pair members' time spent together at site at the Gannet Islands, Labrador, in 1996 and 1997, after a decline in capelin (Mallotus villosus) abundance along the coast of southern and central Labrador. These results, with the exception of time spent at the site, were compared with those collected by other researchers at the Gannet Islands in 1981-1983, before the capelin decline. The two species responded similarly to the decline. After the decline, murres fed their chicks up to 75% fewer capelin and up to 65% more daubed shannies (Lumpenus maculatus). Feeding rates of both murre species varied among years, without respect to changes in the proportion of capelin. We found no evidence for declines in colony attendance, breeding success, chick growth, and adult mass. No data on time spent at the site were available before the decline in capelin abundance, but after the decline, off-duty murres of both species spent a mean of 10 min at their sites per feeding visit. This amount of time was short with respect to that recorded for Common Murres elsewhere, suggesting that murres' foraging effort at the Gannet Islands was high and buffered the effects of prey availability on other parameters measured. Taken together, our results suggest that murres responded to changing capelin abundance by changing their chicks' diet, but were otherwise little affected.Résumé : Nous avons procédé à l'analyse quantitative du régime alimentaire des poussins, de leur taux d'alimentation, du succès de la reproduction, de la croissance des poussins, de la masse des adultes et de la durée de cohabitation des couples au site de nidation situé dans les îles Gannet, Labrador, en 1996 et 1997, chez des Guillemots marmettes (Uria aalge) et des Guillemots de Brünnich (Uria lomvia) après le déclin du Capelan (Mallotus villosus) le long de la côte centrale et australe du Labrador. Toutes les variables, sauf le temps passé au site, ont été comparées à celles obtenues au cours d'une étude entreprise par d'autres chercheurs dans les îles Gannet en 1981-1983 avant le déclin du Capelan. Les deux espèces ont réagi de la même façon au déclin de la population de poissons. Après le déclin, les guillemots ont utilisé 75% moins de capelans et 65% plus de Lompénies tachetées (Lumpenus maculatus) pour nourrir leurs poussins. Les taux d'alimentation variaient d'une année à l'autre chez les deux espèces, indépendamment de la proportion de capelans dans le régime. La fréquentation de la colonie, le succès reproducteur, la croissance des poussins et la masse des adultes n'ont pas diminué. Il n'existe pas de données sur la durée des visites au site avant le déclin de la population de capelans, mais, après le déclin, les guillemots passaient en moyenne 10 min au site pour s'alimenter. Cette durée est courte comparativement à celle enregistrée ailleurs pour le Guillemot marmette, ce qui semble indiquer que les ef...
There is a rapidly developing but confusing body of research on anorexia nervosa. For the non‐specialist, trends in research are obscured by a diversity of definitions and variations in the proposed locus of pathology: the individual, the family or the socio‐cultural environment. While anorexia is a disorder which particularly needs research from a wide range of perspectives, it is vital that the different trends are frequently reviewed and, in the treatment process, integrated. This review summarizes the most significant developments in research on anorexia, and serves as an overview for clinicians wishing to consult the literature selectivity and in more depth.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.