Measurement of active substances in herbal plants is currently becoming the major focus of the health industry in Indonesia. Previously, measurement of the active substance had been carried out destructively by extraction methods such as maceration and reflux, which was done by damaged the substrate and required a complicated step. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN), which combined with color and textural analysis methods provides a fast, easy process, does not damage the sample, and minimize errors due to human factors. This study aims to determine and build a relation model between image parameters and the piperine content of Javanese chilli using an optimized ANN with feature selection. The best topology in this study was obtained with an 8-30-40-1 structure (8 inputs, 30 hidden layers 1 node, 40 hidden layers 2 nodes, and 1 output) with a learning rate of 0.1 and a momentum of 0.9; traincgf as a learning function and an activation function of tansig-tansig-purelin. The ANN structure produces a training correlation coefficient (R) of 0.0975, an R validation of 0.9457, a training Mean Square Error (MSE) value of 0.01, and a validation MSE value of 0.0215.
Background: Ethidium bromide is a common reagent that is used in nucleic acid staining. However, ethidium bromide has toxic and carcinogenic properties that are harmful to the environment. Phenanthrene dioxygenase (encoded by phdA, phdB, phdC, and phdD genes) in Nocardioides sp. KP7 can oxidize the phenanthridine structure aim to eliminate carcinogenic properties. Objective: This study aims to visualize and predict the structure, active site, and characteristics of the phenanthrene dioxygenase using bioinformatics tools. Methods: Plasmid design were prepared by inserting genes of interest phdA, phdB, phdC, and phdD from the NCBI database. Furthermore, several protein analysis tools were used for structure visualization, active site enzyme improvement, and protein characteristic of phenanthrene dioxygenase. Results: The prediction results found that phenanthrene dioxygenase reacts with the ethidium bromide substrate through the interaction of Fe3+ ions with water. The solubility level of phenanthrene dioxygenase protein is 0.404, suggesting that the protein has low solubility. The protein isoelectric point (pI) is between 5.17 to 5.36, and the protein molecular weight is 121.143 kDa. Conclusion: In silico analysis has supported that recombinant plasmid met characteristics for the construct which consists of gene interest and protein library.
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