The present study was undertaken for measuring the economic impact of the COVID-19 on Small and Medium Enterprises (SME's) with reference to District Swat. The Primary data was collected from all of the Tehsils of District Swat using a structured questionnaire. For this purpose a sample of 86 SMEs (20%) from all the manufacturing as well as services sector was selected. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics for selected variables through SPSS. According to the findings, majority of the enterprises faced financial issues for retaining their businesses after COVID-19 lockdown. Majority of the SMEs are owned by moderate level of educated people lacking business education and professionalism. Moreover, during COVID-19 SMEs were negatively affected in term of revenues, expenses and profit. In addition, SMEs were also having debt issues which elevated due to COVID-19 lockdown, resulting in taking loans through traditional mechanism to retain their businesses. Government relief programme was also believed as not sustainable/satisfactory by the significant portion during this period. While humanitarian support from landlords in term of rents waive-off was appreciated. Keeping in view its potential, this sector needs to be boosted through professional trainings on financial, management, leadership and other soft skills training program. Furthermore, relief by government support in term additional relief package and free interest loans are recommended.
Objective: This study is aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice among women regarding post-natal exercises. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted across private sector in the gynecological and obstetrical department of Punjab Social Security Hospital, Ittefaq Hospital, Hameed Latif Hospital and Khair-un-Nisa Hospital. Through non-probability convenient sampling, 120 postpartum mothers were chosen. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and gynecological data, as well as to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding PNE. Married females of ages 18-40 were included and females with postpartum hemorrhage and active infection/sepsis were excluded from the study. An informed consent was taken from the study participants. SPSS 25 was used for data analysis. Results: 53.3% had lower segment caesarian section. Breathing exercises were the most common type of exercise among participants (51.7%).74.2% believed that uterine prolapse can be prevented through PNE.99.2% of the study population agreed that PNE is necessary while 81.7% felt guilty on omitting PNE. For 50% of participants, Household work was the most common barrier in performing PNE. Conclusion: There was significant correlation between knowledge, attitude and practice. More than half of the participants had knowledge (mean score=4.116) about PNE but they were not fully aware of its potential benefits and lack adherence. It is important to create awareness and educate people about the postnatal exercises so that postpartum dysfunctions can be prevented and women health can be improved. Keywords: Puerperal period, pelvic floor muscles, pelvic floor dysfunction, postnatal exercises.
Objective: To compare the effects of gaze stability exercises with proprioception training to improve gait and functional independence in cerebellar ataxic patients. Methods: A Quasi experimental study was conducted in the physiotherapy department in Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from January 2018 to June 2018.All patients were diagnosed with cerebellar ataxia and referred by neurophysician to physiotherapy department. Forty-six (46) patients were divided into two equal groups by lottery method. (Group A =proprioception training), (Group B =gaze stability with proprioception training). Data was analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 21. Results: In group A, males were 13(56.5%) and females 10(43.5%) while in Group B, males were 12(52.2%) and females 11(47.8%). Mean ages were (71.3±8.47) years in Group A and (70±7.67) years in Group B. Pre and Post Functional Independence Measure (FIM)score in groups A and B with mean and standard deviation were 13.08±1.86 and 15.43±1.74 respectively. Pre and Post Timed Up and Go (TUG) test score in groups A and B with mean and standard deviation were 0.79± 0.26 and 0.97 ±0.39 respectively. Both groups were statistically significant (P value ≤ 0.05) but on the basis of mean ± standard deviation Group B method was more effective than Group A. Conclusion: Gaze stability exercises added the effects of proprioception training in improving gait and functional independence in cerebellar ataxic patients. Keywords: Cerebellar ataxia, gaze, patients, proprioception
COVID-19 has had a severe economic impact on human life all over the world. This pandemic is hurting the world economy.The purpose of this research is to reveal the change in foreign remittances and their impact on income and consumption before and after the pandemic in Tehsil Batkhela, District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The data is taken from three villages Totakan, Faisal Abad, and Srasha, from March 2021 to August 2021. Purposive sampling has been used through which individuals working abroad have been identified. The data were collected from 29 households. Simple regression was used to analyze the data. The result reveals that COVID-19 has an impact on remittances and consumption. The results show that the pandemic has a strong impact on remittances and consumption, and it has reduced the income and consumption of the people working abroad. This study highlights the socio-economic impact on the livelihoods of individuals and their families as a result of a decrease in their income levels due reduction in foreign remittances they depended upon.
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