This paper describes the inhibition effect of different urease inhibitors i.e. Ammonium Thiosulfate, Sodium Thiosulfate and 1,2,4-Triazole on the activity of urease enzyme in wheat soil of 3 different districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Urease is a nickel dependent metalloenzyme that is involved in the hydrolysis of urea, forming Carbon dioxide and ammonia. Urea hydrolysis leads to the excessive nitrogen loss in the form of ammonia volatilization. Main purpose of the study was to check the potential of different blended inhibitors (Ammonium Thiosulfate + Sodium Thiosulfate + 1,2,4-Triazole) on the activity of urease and to overcome the loss of nitrogen. For this purpose, soil samples were collected from three different districts of Punjab i.e. Faisalabad, Sheikhupura and Gujranwala. The whole work was divided into two phases. During phase Ⅰ, the effect of different inhibitors on the activity of urease was determined. Kinetic behavior of urease enzyme in the presence and absence of urease inhibitors was evaluated in phase Ⅱ. The data acquired was statistically analyzed by using twoway ANOVA. Kinetic study of urease enzyme was carried out to evaluate the effect of temperature, pH, incubation time and substrate concentration on the activity of enzyme.
Weed management is essential for sustainable crop production in all cropping systems. The use of herbicides is causing the problems of herbicide resistant weeds and environmental pollution. Plant-released phytotoxins have ability to promote or inhibit the germination and seedling growth of surrounding crops and weeds. Therefore, it is imperative to identify plant species having the herbicidal potential to use as more safe and sustainable weed management approach. The present study was planned in 2018 to investigate the germination and seedling growth of Daucus carota and Medicago polymorpha influenced by the root extract of Polygonum bistorta and fruit extract of Terminalia chebula. Different concentrations of aqueous extract (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80%) significantly reduced the germination and seedling growth of target species. Results of these experiments revealed that thefruit extract of T. chebula was more phytotoxic as compared to root extract of P. bistorta regarding seedling growth of weed. However, fruit extract of T. chebula having 80% concentration fully inhibit the germination of D. carota and M. polymorpha. One the bases of these finding it was concluded that the fruit extract of T. chebula and root extract of P. bistorta have comparatively more active substances with ability to suppress germination and growth of plants which could be exploited as prospective source of bio-herbicides.
Simulations of cyclic voltammograms of 9,9-bis(alkylpropionate)-2,4,5,7-tetranitrofluorenes in N,N-dimethylformamide, using 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte at a mercury-bead cathode, from literature (1), were carried out. Both cathodic and anodic peaks were analyzed using two shareware programs CVSIM and ESP 2.4. CVSIM program written in Turbo Pascal was run using Turbo Pascal free downloaded from web. The ESP 2.4 written in DOS was run using DOS. All the simulations were executed on a PC Pentium IV. Our simulations are consistent with an Electrochemical-Electrochemical (EE) type pathway for compound A and Electrochemical-Electrochemical-Chemical (EEC) mechanism for compound B.
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