Background: Major public health risk was ‘Dengue infection’ initial discovery is critical to improving the existence in serious infection of dengue. Our objective in this study was to investigate the serum ferritin level to suppose biomarker in the diagnosis of dengue fever. Method: An observational and prospective study was conducted in the Hayatabad Medical Complex and it included one hundred nineteen cases related to dengue was diagnosed by using NSI Test antigen or serology test related to specific dengue that internment “ELISA”. At the time of diagnosis, serum ferritin was measured. Monitoring the clinical and platelets counts was done on daily bases, it also classified into two groups such as non-severe and severe groups by allowing WHO criteria in 2009. Result: Five out of 119 cases of dengue were severe, dengue patients had lower platelets when they are in severe condition, count the number of platelets (p less than 0.0001); Ferritin level almost high (p=0.02) and the value of hospital longer time period (p less than 0.0001) mostly in severe group as compare to non-severe group of dengue. Platelets count had negative value with age factor almost Positive correlations with ferritin levels (p=0.08 or r= 0.16) and a longer hospital stay (r= -0.427 and p 0.0001) were also found (r= 0.26, p= 0.004). These values indicate the severe risk of dengue infection/ disease. Negative value of serum ferritin that are related to the value of platelets (r=0.51 and p< 0.001). On day 4 of clinical infections, an elevated value of ferritin is seen in severe cases. Conclusion: In Clinical practice, a biomarker for determining the severity of dengue infection is increased serum ferritin concentrations. Keywords: Biomarkers, Serum ferritin, Severity, Dengue infection, Predicators
Syphilis is not common, although HIV-infected people are far more likely to be infected than the general population. This may be caused by weakened cellular immunity due to HIV infection. This study aimed to find out the correlation between CD4 concentration and T. Pallidum occurrence. Methods: A assessment of a single institution identified ten patients with secondary syphilis diagnosed through a skin biopsy, positive syphilis serology, and high CD4 levels. There were 14 samples obtained from 13 individuals. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the presence of treponemes and CD4 levels in skin samples. These findings have also been compared with results obtained from detecting T. Pallidum by IHC in silver stain sections (Warthin-Starry). A comparison of the histological characteristics of each sample has also been made. IHC was used to determine the number of treponemes on the samples. Results: Silver stain had a sensitivity of 9 percent whereas IHC detected the treponemes at 64 percent. (p-value of 0.04). Spirochetes high incidence found only in people with less than 250 cells/ml of CD4 (>100 per 10 HPF). Conclusions: The utmost persistent histological outcome was low to highlympho-plasmocytic infiltration. However, this research did show that a high spirochete count is associated with a low CD4 count (less than 250 cells/ml). In comparison to Warthin-Starry staining results, IHC staining for T. palidum has shown superior results.
Significant progress has been made in the area of digital pathology during the past 20 years. With rapid scanners, whole slide imaging (WSI) can now create high-resolution digital duplicates of glass slides. Objective: To assess fundamental understanding of digital pathology among Pakistani pathologists practicing in labs throughout the country. Methods: The current study was cross sectional study carried out at the Department of Pathology, Gomal Medical College, Medical Teaching Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan for a period of six months. This study was proforma based and pathologists across the country were included in the study. All the data from the questionnaire was entered and analyzed by employing IBM SPSS version 24. Results: A total of 210 pathologists were enrolled, amongst which 84 (40%) were males and 126 (60%) were females. Pathologist familiar with the Digital Pathology idea were 147 (70%) while 63 (30%) pathologists were not familiar with the digital pathology. Amongst 210 pathologists, 157 (74.77%) pathologists have idea about digital microscope. Pathologist having knowledge of pathology slide scanner idea were 147 (70%) while 63 (30%) pathologists were observed as having no knowledge of pathology slide scanner. Pathologist familiar with the idea of artificial intelligence were 96 (45.71%) while 114 (54.29%) participants were not familiar with the artificial intelligence. Conclusion: In spite of the fact that digital pathology is very promising and has resulted in a shift in the thought pattern of pathologists practicing in underdeveloped countries such as Pakistan, there are still challenges to overcome such as expense, technical assistance, regulation and validation needs.
Background: Varicose veins are a common vascular disorder that can cause discomfort and aesthetic concerns. Cyanoacrylate glue and foam sclerotherapy are treatment modalities used to prevent recurrence of varicose veins, but their comparative effectiveness is not well established. Objective: This research compared the effectiveness of foam sclerotherapy and cyanoacrylate glue in preventing varicose vein recurrence. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from June to December 2022, including 140 participants equally divided into cyanoacrylate glue and foam sclerotherapy groups. Convenience sampling was employed to recruit participants from clinics and hospitals. Data on demographic characteristics, clinical severity, treatment outcomes, and patient satisfaction were collected and analyzed. Results: In comparison to the foam sclerotherapy group, the cyanoacrylate glue group showed considerably lower recurrence rates (10.7% vs. 14.6%), greater symptomatic recovery (88.9% vs. 82.5%), and higher aesthetic satisfaction (95.3% vs. 90.1%). Patient compliance was higher (94.2%) and pain levels were lower (2.3 out of 10) in the cyanoacrylate glue group. Conclusion: Cyanoacrylate glue treatment showed superior efficacy in preventing varicose vein recurrence, improving symptoms, and enhancing patient satisfaction compared to foam sclerotherapy.
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