Objective:To see the frequency of incidental fatty liver on ultrasound and its association with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted from January 2016 to June 2016 in the department of Surgery and Radiology at Hamdard University Hospital. Patients of both genders and all ages were selected by non purposive convenience sampling. Critically ill, trauma cases and all those patients who had a history of chronic liver disease, alcohol intake and expected pregnancy were excluded. Blood pressure and random blood sugar were recorded.Results:Six hundred patients were included in the study with mean age of 44.65±18.8 years. 240 patients (40%) had incidental finding of fatty liver on ultrasound. Out of 240 with fatty liver patients 117 were males (48.8%) and 123 were females (51.3%). Total 141 patients were diagnosed with hypertension, out of which 81(57.44%, p< 0.001) had fatty liver on ultrasound. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 84 patients, in which 57 patients (67.8%, p<0.001) had fatty liver.Conclusion:Fatty liver is a frequently found incidental finding on ultrasound. There is a significant association of fatty liver with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
Background: Pilonidal sinus disease (PNSD) is considered as the challenging disease for surgeons since decades. The term pilo-nidal is derived from Latin meaning “nest of hair”. It is a commonly occurring disease usually involved young male adults. It is considered as an acquired condition with unidentified aetiology and pathogenesis. The objective was to observe the results of Limberg’s flap operation in patients with Pilonidal sinus disease. Methods: We performed an observational study at Hamdard University Hospital from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2019 on patients who came to the outpatient department for the treatment of pilonidal sinus diseases and underwent surgery (Limberg’s flap) after consent. The patient’s presentation varied from single sinus and dry, multiple sinuses and dry, single sinus with serous discharge, single sinus with pus discharge, and pilonidal abscess. Forty-six patients were selected after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and operated by Limberg’s flap technique. Result: Results were observed for postoperative seroma, hematoma, wound infection, persistent pain, and recurrence. Out of 46 patients, 30 (65.21%) were male and 16 (34.7%) were female. 28 patients (60.8%) were between 31–40 years of age and 12 patients (26.08%) were between 41–50 years of age. After performing Limberg’s flap procedure, 35 patients (76%) had no complications at all. 2 patients (4.3%) had seroma formation. 4 patients had Hematoma formation (8.6%). Two patients (4.3%) patients developed superficial wound infection. 2 patients (4.3%) had persistent pain after 3 months of the procedure. One patient (2.1%) had recurrence during the follow-up period of 12 months. Conclusion: Limberg’s flap operation is associated with low recurrence as well as a low rate of other complications such as seroma or hematoma formation, wound infection, and persistent pain irrespective of the presentation of the pilonidal sinus.
This study was conducted to assess the effects of the water-borne Fe+Zn mixture on the catalase activity in the different organs of Cirrhina mrigala and Labeo rohita. 90-day old fingerlings of both fish species were exposed to 1/2nd and 1/5th of their respective 96-hrs LC50 concentrations of Fe+Zn mixture, separately, at constant temperature (280C), pH (7.5), and total hardness (225mgL-1). Fish sampling from each treatment was done after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of Fe+Zn mixture exposure and their organs viz. liver, kidney, gills, and muscles extracted for catalase enzyme assay. The maximum catalase activity in Cirrhina mrigala was observed at 1̸ 5th of Fe+Zn mixture LC50 exposure as 996.87±102.23UmL-1, while in Labeo rohita it was 1013.43±103.50 UmL-1 at 1̸ 2nd of LC50 concentration. A significant increase in the catalase activity was recorded at 7th day of exposure as 1083.66±7.29 and 1091.08±22.15 UmL-1 in Cirrhina mrigala and Labeo rohita, respectively while it was significantly lower at 28th day of Fe+Zn mixture exposure. Among the organs, the catalase activity varied significantly as liver kidney muscles gills in Cirrhina mrigala and Labeo rohita. Significantly higher catalase activity was recorded in Labeo rohita as compared to Cirrhina mrigala.
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