Interleukin-6 a pleiotropic cytokine involved in a wide range of biological activities. So the large-scale production of biologically active recombinant human interleukin-6 is important for its structural and functional studies. Here, we report an optimized method for shake flask fermentation and a simplified high-yield purification procedure for the recombinant interleukin-6. This high-yield expression method not only involves the optimization of the fermentation condition but also the single step purification method as well as a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding process. This approach replaces the more conventional procedure of protein solubilization and refolding. Through applying these strategies, the final cell density and overall product yield of the recombinant human interleukin-6 were obtained as 20.4 g as cell biomass and 150 mg as purified active protein from the I-L of the culture. The purified protein was characterized by HPLC and SDS-PAGE. The results of the current work demonstrate that the described method may be used to develop the process for industrial-scale production of the biologically active recombinant interleukin-6 protein.
Background: The first COVID-19 vaccination was developed in December 2020. Effectiveness of different vaccines to prevent symptomatic COVID infection varies from 50% to 95% while effectiveness at preventing the critical disease and death ranges between 79 to 100%. Aim: To see vaccination status of hospitalized patients with COVID infection and to compare severity & mortality among vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients during 4th wave of COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonology Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. The duration of study was 4 months from 01-07-2021 to 31-10-2021. Results: Total 121 patients having ages between 28 and 85 years; there were 77(63.6%) males & 44 (36.4%) females.Twenty four (20%) study participants were fully vaccinated, 14% were partially vaccinated and 66% of patients were not vaccinated. Most of the fully vaccinated patents had mild disease (58.3%), while, non-vaccinated patients either had severe disease (57.5%) or they were in critical condition (22.5%). All deaths in our study were recorded in non-vaccinated patients (28.8%). Conclusion: We concluded that patients who are fully vaccinated have less severe disease and low mortality rate as compared to non-vaccinated patients. Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccination
Background: The first COVID-19 vaccination was developed in December 2020.Effectiveness of different vaccines to prevent symptomatic COVID infection varies from 50% to 95% while effectiveness at preventing the critical disease and death ranges between 79 to 100%. Aim: To see vaccination status of hospitalized patients with COVID infection and to compare severity & mortality among vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients during 4th wave of COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonology Shaikh Zayed hospital, Lahore. The duration of study was 4 months from 01-07-2021 to 31-10-2021. Results: Total 121 patients having ages between 28 and 85 years; there were 77(63.6%) males & 44(36.4%) females. Twenty four (20%) study participants were fully vaccinated, 14% were partially vaccinated and 66% of patients were not vaccinated. Most of the fully vaccinated patents had mild disease (58.3%),while, non-vaccinated patients either had severe disease (57.5%) or they were in critical condition (22.5%). All deaths in our study were recorded in non-vaccinated patients (28.8%). Conclusion: We concluded that patients who are fully vaccinated have less severe disease and low mortality rate as compared to non-vaccinated patients. Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccination
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