Background: Methanol poisoning frequently occurs via oral ingestion of adulterated spirits as ethanol substitutes. Retina is particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of methanol. Ethanol is frequently used for treatment where prompt management is crucial to avoid irreversible ocular damage. Aim of the work: The aim of this work is to study the histological and ultrastructural effect of methanol intoxication on the retina, as well as the ability of ethanol to protect against methanol induced retinal damage. Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male albino rats, were used in the study. Rats were divided into three groups (n=10 per group): Group 1 (Control group); Group 2 (Methanol treated group) and Group 3 (Methanol + Ethanol treated group). Rats were sacrificed after 24 hours of methanol administration. Retinae were examined histologically and ultrastructurally. Results: Histological and ultrastructure examination of the retina of rats treated with methanol showed marked edema of all layers, disorganized nuclear layers and decreased number of ganglion cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed fragmented outer segment, disorganized inner segment. Administration of ethanol in methanol intoxicated rats resulted in preservation of retinal structure with marked attenuation of methanol induced retinal damage. Conclusions: Methanol poisoning induces damage of the retina. Administration of ethanol protects the retina and attenuates histopathological changes induced by methanol.
The present study assessed nutritional status, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content in fruits, i.e., mango (Mangifera indica), apple (Malus domestica), and vegetable, i.e., bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), and ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) peels. The antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (TPC) were evaluated by using methanol extracts along with 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) assay, respectively having Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Gallic acid (GA) as standard. The TPC and antioxidant activity in the peels ranged from 20 mg GAE/g to 525 mg GAE/g and 15.02% to 75.95%, respectively, which revealed that investigated fruit and vegetable peels are rich source of phytochemical constituents. Bottle gourd peels exhibited the highest value of DPPH compared to the rest of the peels included in the study. Likewise, mango peels had the highest TPC as compared to the rest of the fruit peels. This research showed that the utilization of agricultural wastes should be promoted at commercial level to achieve the nutritional benefit at zero cost and minimize the generation of biological waste.
Background. The epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene has been shown to be significantly associated with the prognosis of solid tumors; however, there is a lack of models for the EMT gene to predict the prognosis of AML patients. Methods. First, we downloaded clinical data and raw transcriptome sequencing data from the TCGA database of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. All currently confirmed EMT-related genes were obtained from the dbEMT 2.0 database, and 30% of the TCGA data were randomly selected as the test set. Univariate Cox regression analysis, random forest, and lasso regression were used to optimize the number of genes for model construction, and multivariate Cox regression was used for model construction. Area under the ROC curve was used to assess the efficacy of the model application, and the internal validation set was used to assess the stability of the model. Results. A total of 173 AML samples were downloaded, and a total of 1184 EMT-related genes were downloaded. The results of univariate batch Cox regression analysis suggested that 212 genes were associated with patient prognosis, random forest and lasso regression yielded 18 and 8 prognosis-related EMT genes, respectively, and the results of multifactorial COX regression model suggested that 5 genes, CBR1, HS3ST3B1, LIMA1, MIR573, and PTP4A3, were considered as independent risk factors affecting patient prognosis. The model ROC results suggested that the area under the curve was 0.868 and the internal validation results showed that the area under the curve was 0.815. Conclusion. During this study, we constructed a signature model of five EMT-related genes to predict overall survival in patients with AML; it will provide a useful tool for clinical decision making.
Rising soil salinity is a major concern for agricultural production worldwide, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. To improve salt tolerance and the productivity of economic crop plants in the face of future climatic changes, plant-based solutions are required to feed the continuously increasing world population. In the present study, we aimed to ascertain the impact of Glutamic-acid-functionalized iron nanoparticles (Glu-FeNPs) on two varieties (NM-92 and AZRI-2006) of mung beans with different concentrations (0, 40 mM, 60 mM, and 80 mM) of osmotic stress. The result of the study showed that vegetative growth parameters such as root and shoot length, fresh and dry biomass, moisture contents, leaf area, and the number of pods per plant were significantly decreased with osmotic stress. Similarly, biochemicals such as protein, chlorophylls, and carotenes contents also significantly declined under induced osmotic stress. The application of Glu-FeNPs significantly (p ≤ 0.05) restored both the vegetative growth parameters and biochemical contents of plants under osmotic stress. The pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Glu-FeNPs significantly ameliorated the tolerance level of Vigna radiata to osmotic stress by optimizing the level of antioxidant enzymes and osmolytes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and proline contents. Our finding indicates that Glu-FeNPs significantly restore the growth of plants under osmotic stress via enhancing photosynthetic activity and triggering the antioxidation system of both varieties.
This study aimed to examine the effect of canning and storage on physicochemical, mineral, and antioxidant properties and phenolic composition of apricot wholes, halves, and pulp. The findings for physicochemical properties revealed that the total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total sugars, and ascorbic acid were found higher in apricot pulp (37.15, 1.39, and 20.74% and 7.21 mg/100 g FW, respectively) followed by apricot wholes and halves throughout the storage period. The remarkable contents of potassium, phosphorous, zinc, copper, iron, and manganese were found in the apricot pulp which revealed that canning and storage slightly affected the mineral composition. Bioactive substances were identified and quantified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, which indicated a higher presence of chlorogenic acid (34.45 mg/kg FW), quercitin-3-glucoside (16.78 mg/kg FW), neochlorogenic acid (26.52 mg/kg FW), gallic acid (5.37 mg/kg FW), kaempferol (14.22 mg/kg FW), ellagic acid (6.02 mg/kg FW), procyanidin B2 (8.80 mg/kg FW), and epicatechin (9.87 mg/kg FW) in apricot pulp followed by apricot wholes and halves throughout the storage period. The total phenolic content was found highest in apricot pulp (13.76 GAE mg/100 g FW) followed by wholes (8.09 GAE mg/100 g FW) and halves (6.48 GAE mg/100 g FW) which decreased significantly throughout the storage period. Antioxidant properties were assessed by DPPH, ABTS+, MCA, and BCBA, which were found higher in the apricot pulp (92.23 TEAC μg/g DW, 92.33 TEAC μg/g DW, 33.80 TEAC μg/g DW, and 68.40 TEAC μg/g DW, respectively) that is correlated with the higher presence of bioactive compounds. Thus, apricot pulp containing excellent sources of nutrients, minerals, phytochemicals, and antioxidant components could be used for consumption purposes that provide nutraceuticals and antioxidants globally.
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