JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. American Geographical Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Geographical Review. GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEWS GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEWSHowever, I am compelled to take exception to some of McNee's emphases. Only one short chapter is devoted to developing countries. He justifies this on the basis of editorial policy, but he also stresses that "most of the world's production is concentrated in the areas affected strongly by the Second Agglomerative Revolution." Two things are implicit in this explanation. First, it implies that all good and progress are equated with production as it is understood in materialistically oriented market and nonmarket economies. Second, McNee evidently believes in the inevitability of the worldwide metropolitanization process. The appearance of new innovative ideas, of a new type of occupance (not another "revolution"), he regards as remote and improbable.In the future, he concludes, "the economic geography of the whole earth will be organized on the basis of broadly similar locational ideas," presumably those of metropolitanization. The fact that the growth of metropolitanization in quest of illusory higher standards of living has created havoc in our environment, both physical and social, almost escapes his attention; only the apparent success of the process, supposedly the sign of the "distinct advantages in the new patterns" is strongly emphasized. This apparent success, however, may be more than anything else the outcome of the lack of innovation in the field, permitting the existing metropolitan forms and the locational patterns associated with them to linger. Although McNee remotely acknowledges such a conjecture, he does not discuss the human aspects of the evolving or already evolved locational patterns. Preoccupied with economies only, he overlooks the fact that the elaborated rationale for the emerged or emerging economic organization of geographical space, teeming with hundreds of millions of people, tends to shed a kind of splendor on the concurrent processes of denaturalization and dehumanization of space that is so organized. But my remarks, which may also reflect a biased attitude, are marginal to the content and scope of the book. They certainly do not diminish its exceptional values.-ABRAHAM MELEZIN FROM PEASANT TO FARMER: A Revolutionary Strategy for Development.
Summary The Ethnic Factor in the Development of Rural Settlements in Israel Surveys of development were carried out in 1958 and 1963 in 223 co‐operative, small‐holder villages which had been newly settled in Israel. The farmers in each village belonged to one of three groups ‐ North African, Asiatic and Western ‐ each one with sufficient distinct characteristics to warrant terming them ‘ethnic’ groups. In order to separate the effect of the ethnic factor, four external parameters which might have influenced the development of the villages were examined first. Only one, the allocation of natural means of production, was found to be unequally distributed among the three ethnic groups. The development of each ethnic group was then determined according to a model based on ten criteria, bearing on the social and economic situation of the villages. The study showed that the ethnic factor was important in determining the rate of development. The group with the highest level of technical background, the Western, exhibited the highest level of development in both survey years, but by the end of the five‐year period, its level was slightly declining, while the levels of the other two groups were tending to catch up. Each ethnic group exhibited a specific rate of development, with the lower the starting point, the greater the development rate. The study bears on the adaptation of ‘folk’ people, who in most cases were not originally farmers, to modern agriculture with a complicated technology and organization, and on the importance of settling homogeneous ethnic groups, particularly in the case of non‐modern people.
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