Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the association of body mass index (BMI) with Activin-A and Inhibin-A (biomarkers) irrespective to age in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods: This study was a case-controlled study, in which sixty (60) diagnosed cases of gestational diabetic women with and without obesity and thirty (30) pregnant women without diabetes or any other complications were included in the study after taking informed written consent. The duration of the study was from January 2018 to June 2018. The enrolled participants were ninety (90) who were fulfilling the criteria in the duration of the study. Participants were placed into three groups A, B and C. In group A, thirty (30) pregnant females without complications, in group B thirty (30) non-obese pregnant women with gestationaldiabetes and in group C thirty (30) obese pregnant females with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The biophysical parameters including weight, height and blood pressure were measured through standard protocols. Blood tests for biomarkers Activin-A and Inhibin-A levels were measured through Human Activin-A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) kit and Human Inhibin-A ELISA kit respectively.Results: The results of the study revealed that the biophysical markers Actin-A and Inhibin-A had associations with gestational diabetes, the significant (p-value<0.05) association was observed between Activin-A and body mass index but Inhibin-A had an insignificant association with it. However, the levels of bothbiomarkers (Activin-A and Inhibin-A) were found to be raised in both obese and non-obese gestational diabetic women when compared with normal pregnant women. The secondary outcome of the study is, there is significant (p-value>0.05) relation between age and body mass index of obese GDM.Conclusion: The study concluded that the level of Activin-A was raised significantly (p-value>0.05) in obese and non-obese gestational diabetic women as compared to normal pregnant women and non-significant increases in inhibin-A were observed in obese and non-obese gestational diabetic women as compared to normal pregnant women. A secondary outcome was, that there is significant (p-value>0.05) association found between body mass index and age of the pregnant women.
Objective: Evaluation and comparison of anti-epileptic activity of methanolic extracts of seeds of Cuminum cyminum L. and Centratherum anthelminticum L. in strychnine-induced seizure model. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, University of Karachi. After 15 days of dosing, experiment was performed. A total of 40 healthy mice were selected from animal house of the Pharmacology department, University of Karachi, and were equally divided into four groups. Group 01 was on DMSO (dimethyl sulphoxide) organic solvent as control; Group 02 was on methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum L. (500 mg/kg); Group 03 was on methanolic extract of Centratherum anthelminticum L. (200 mg/kg) and Group 04 was on reference drug diazepam (3 mg/kg). On the day of experiment, after giving doses of DMSO, methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum L., methanolic extract of Centratherum anthelminticum L. and diazepam, respectively to all groups, strychnine was administered and animals were observed for latency period and duration of Mortality rate was also evaluated. Results: Group 02 and 03, receiving methanolic extracts of Cuminum cyminum L. and Centratherum anthelminticum L. showed significant seizure protection as observed by delayed seizure onset (p <0.001) and decreased total duration of convulsions in groups 02 and 03 (p£ 0.01, p£ 0.05) respectively. The mortality rate also decreased significantly (p £ 0.05) in comparison with group 01. Conclusion: Anticonvulsant activity of methanolic extracts of Cuminum cyminum L. and Centratherum anthelminticum L. could be due to their antioxidant activity and further enhanced by potentiation of GABAergic and glycinergic activity. Further studies are required to confirm exact mechanism of action.
The Yb 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7−x samples have been prepared by the solid state reaction using the appropriate amount of Yb 2 O 3, BaCO 3, and CuO powders and characterized them using X-ray diffraction and electrical resistivity techniques. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the sample shows an orthorhombic structure refined in the space group Pmmm. The critical current densities are calculated from magnetization measurements over a temperature range 77 K to 86 K, and in magnetic fields up to 2 KOe. The intragrain critical current density is estimated to range from 5.24 × 106 ( A/cm 2) at an applied field of 0.2 KOe to 1.01 × 106 ( A/cm 2) at an applied field of 2 KOe at T = 77 K in this sample.
Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate and compare the lipid profile in normotensive pregnancy and in pre-eclamptic pregnant women.Methods: The study was a case-control study, conducted from January 2018 to June 2018. The sample size was 90. Participants were recruited after fulfilling the selection criteria out of which, 45 were normal pregnant females and 45 were pregnant females with Preeclampsia (PE). Participants were placed in two groups namely A and B. Group A were 45 healthy pregnant females and group B were 45 preeclamptic pregnant women. The biophysical parameters included age, weight, height and BMI. Blood pressure was recorded through standard protocols. Blood was taken for lipid profile which includes Cholesterol, Triglyceride and HDL-C, measured through enzymatic colourimetric (CHOD-PAP) method, Glycerol-3-Phosphate Oxidase Phenol Aminophenanzone (GPO-PAP) method and Cholesterol Oxidase-Phenol Aminophenazone (CHOD-PAP) method respectively, however; LDL-cholesterol was calculated through Friedewald's formula. Urinary protein was measured through URS Strips through semi-automated analyser CYBOW reader 300. Data were statistically analysed through IBMSPSS software version 20 with the help of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis, Tukey'sHSD test, independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation analysis by considering p-values 0.05 as a significant.Results: The results of the study revealed a significant rise in the lipid profile of pregnant women with preeclampsia than in normotensive pregnant women including cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL-C and LDL-C.Conclusion: The study concluded that dyslipidaemia or hyperlipidaemia in early pregnancy could be one of the reasons for developing preeclampsia in late pregnancy and the risk of being hypertensive in advanced age.
Objective: To evaluate antihyperlipidaemic activity of methanolic extract of seeds of Cuminum cyminum L. in hyperlipidaemia in rabbits. Methods: This study was conducted in Pharmacology Department of University of Karachi; the duration of study was 30 days. Healthy rabbits were taken and hyperlipidaemia was induced by giving high cholesterol diet for four weeks. All animals were divided into three groups, with each group having ten rabbits (n=10).The methanolic extract of seeds of Cuminum cminum L. was dissolved in an organic solvent DMSO (Dimethyl-sulphoxide). One group was control-receiving DMSO, while second group received methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum L. (MECC) 500mg/kg and third group re- ceived Atorvastatin 2mg/kg.Blood samples were taken at 0, 15th and 30th day of dosing and sent for the tests to Punjwani Centre for Molecular medicine & Drug research (PCMD) Diagnostic Laboratory. Results: The group that was given methanolic extract of Cuminum Cyminum L. showed decrease in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) - cholesterol ratio (7.62 ± 4.01 to 4.45 ± 3.23) (p<0.05), cholesterol (208.54 ± 5.71 to 130.26 ± 5.72) (p<0.01), triglyceride (158.75 ± 5.23 to 136.14 ± 8.72) (p<0.001) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (168.17 ± 5.43 to 135.42±11.39) (p<0.001) and the group that was given Atorvastatin showed HDL-cholesterolratio(7.33 ± 3.27 to 3.12 ± 2.19) (p<0.01), cholesterol (208.11 ± 6.72 to 98.75 ± 3.77) (p<0.001), triglyceride (157.21 ± 6.72 to 141.25 ± 6.84) (p<0.01) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (167.25 ± 4.32 to 127.67 ± 10.96) (p<0.001) towards its normal levels from day 0 to 30th day of dosing on comparison to control, whereas triglycerides were significantly de- creased by extract than atorvastatin. Conclusion: The result of this study showed methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum L. possesses antihyperlipidaemic activity.
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate and compare the analgesic activity of methanolic ex- tracts of seeds of Cuminum Cyminum (L) and Centratherum anthelminticum (L)in mice. Methods: This study was conducted in the department of Pharmacology University of Karachi; 30 healthy mice were selected from animal house of Pharmacology department of University of Karachi for the study. All animals were divided into three groups, each group of 10 mice. Mice of Group 1 were given DMSO (Dimethyl sulphoxide) an organic solvent, mice of group 2 were given Methanolic extract of Cuminum Cyminum (L) and mice of group 3 were given Methanolic extract of Centratherum anthelminticum (L). The analgesic activity was investigated by tail flick test, heat is used to stimulate pain and observe analgesic activity, after a week of oral dosing of Methanolic extracts of seeds of Cuminum Cyminum (L) and Centratherum anthelminticum (L) in mice. Methanolic extracts of Cuminum Cyminum (L) and Centratherum anthelminticum (L) were insoluble in water so Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) i.e. an organic solvent was used in this study (it is used for solutes that are insoluble in water). The methanolic extracts of Cuminum cyminum(L), Centratherum anthelminticum (L) and DMSO (dim- ethyl sulphoxide) were administered orally to three groups of mice for a week and on 7th day of dosing analgesic activity was tested through tail flick test, response is checked after 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 minutes of 7th day of dosing. Results: The group of mice, which were given Methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum(L)showed highly significant analgesic activity after 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 minutes of dosing. The group of mice which was given Methanolic extract of Centratherum anthelminticum (L) showed significant analgesic activ- ity after 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 andhighly significant analgesic activity after 240 min. of dosing on 7th day. Conclusion: The results indicate that both extracts of Cuminum Cyminum (L) and Centratherum anthelminticum (L)showed analgesic activity. On comparison Cuminum Cyminum (L) have more supe- rior analgesic potential than Centratherum anthelminticum (L).
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