Photosensitive skin reactions occur when human skin abnormally reacts to ultraviolet radiation or visible light. The forms of photosensitivity are phototoxity and photoallergy. Phototoxic disorders have a high incidence, whereas photoallergic reactions are much less frequent in the human population. Several hundred substances, chemicals or drugs may invoke phototoxic or photoallergic reactions. In order to avoid photosensitive reactions it is essential to determine the photosensitizing properties of such substances before drugs are introduced in therapy or products made available on the market. This chapter reviews the mechanisms of photosensitization, explains the most important differences between phototoxic and photoallergic reactions, summarizes the most common photosensitzers and presents the clinical features and diagnostic procedures of phototoxic and photoallergic reactions.
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