In recent years, interest in cultivating Ginkgo biloba L. as a medicinal plant has grown in Ukraine, and improvement of the technology of growing this plant in the conditions of the North-East of Ukraine is a relevant problem. The purpose of this article to present research on the morphological structure, growth and viability of young G. biloba plants in grown from seeds by different technologies and comparative analysis of growth and development of G. biloba plants under greenhouse conditions and on open soil. The experiment on G. biloba cultivation was initiated in 2014 in three variants (the plants were grown from the seeds). Variant No 1: G. biloba growing in a greenhouse at 60–80% humidity and temperatures not below +27 ºС; shading (shading level 60%) by green agronetting. Variant No 2: growing in open soil; shading (shading level 60%) by green agronetting; the climatic conditions were typical for Sumy region. Variant No 3: growing in open soil; there was no shading; climatic conditions were typical for the Sumy region. Plant analysis was conducted in June 2018. The following morphometric parameters of G. biloba plants were measured: plant height, annual growth of shoots, number of leaves, leaf size and leaf area, phytomass of the shoots, phytomass of leaves and phytomass of the stem, diameter of the shoots. The sampling used 60 samples. The leaf area was determined by the method of drawing contours on millimeter paper. Statistical processing of research results was carried out by generally accepted modern methods of mathematical statistics using dispersion, correlation, regression and vital analysis. In the conditions of the Ukrainian North East, G. biloba seedlings can be grown successfully in greenhouses and open soil, both with 60% shade by agronetting and without it. Differences between the plants grown in such conditions are insignificant and statistically unreliable. The obtained three to four year old G. biloba seedlings grown using different technologies were 25–30 cm in height and formed 13–17 leaves per plant. The seedlings were of quite high viability (Q is 0.22–0.30) and morphostructural integrity (67.8%). The output of viable seedlings (vital classes “a” and “b”) in variant 1 was 60%, variant 2 45% and variant 3 60%. Ecological-cenotic stability of G. biloba was observed repeatedly, though certain limitations on G. biloba cultivation may be that the plant is photophilic and thermophilic. But the conducted experiments show that the climatic conditions of the Ukrainian North-East are quite favourable for this species. Based on the data obtained for the Ukrainian North-East, it is possible to recommend the technology of growing G. biloba seedlings in open soil without agronetting as quite effective and low-cost.
Today, there are about 12,000 plants in the world that have healing properties and are used in both traditional and folk medicine. One of these plants is Ginkgo biloba L. In recent years, interest in its cultivation has increased in Ukraine, and improving the technology of growing this plant in the Ukrainian North-East is a relevant problem. Studies of G. biloba plants growing in the experimental area of Sumy NAU were conducted. On the basis of morphometric analysis, a number of morphoparameters were measured (plant height, annual growth of shoots, number of leaves, leaf size and leaf area, phytomass of the shoots, phytomass of leaves and phytomass of the stem, diameter of the shoots). The vital analysis, as well as the variance, correlation and regression analyses were carried out. G. biloba seedlings up to 3–4 years of life with different growing technology have a height of 25–30 cm and form 13–17 leaves per plant. The totality of morphometric characteristics in all variants of the G. biloba plant experiment corresponded to an equilibrium population of equilibrium type, in which in close proportions individuals of all three vitality types are present: a, b, and c. But at the same time a higher proportion (40 %) of individuals of class "a" was in the variant with the cultivation of G. biloba in greenhouse. The smallest part of individuals of high viability (only 20 %) was formed by cultivation of G. biloba in open soil without protection of the agro-grid. The ecological-coenotic stability of G. biloba has been noted many times, a certain limitation of G. biloba cultivation may be that this plant is light loving and thermophilic, but the climatic conditions of the Ukrainian North-East are favorable for it. Complex studies have shown the prospects and feasibility of growing G. biloba in the conditions of t the Ukrainian North-East as medicinal raw materials. Despite the stressful growing conditions for G. biloba, this species is characterized by high stability and adaptability, which is confirmed by our comparative morphometric and vital analysis of plants. Given that the age of the seedlings is negligible, further studies to determine the adaptability of G. biloba plants to growing conditions are not only desirable but also necessary.
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