Summary The authors present 6 cases of retrocaval ureter treated by conservative surgery (4 cases) and nephrectomy (2 cases). One case simulated the nephrotic syndrome and 1 patient had a kidney rupture caused by lumbar trauma. Attention is focused on pre‐operative diagnostic methods, radio‐isotope investigation and certain aspects of surgical technique involved in the treatment of the condition.

Congenital posterior urethral polyps are rare, benign tumours. Five cases are reported, in ages ranging from 2 to 46 years. All were treated by transurethral resection and we would recommend that, since suitable endoscopic equipment is now available, this is the treatment of choice.

The authors present the results of 385 litholapaxies done over a period of twenty seven and a half years. The blind litholapaxy technique used in 98.44°/o of the cases is reviewed. No serious complications were noted in patients submitted to this procedure alone.

The purpose of this work is to focus the advantages of the transurethral endoscopic resection (TUR) of ureteroceles, regardless of their size, in infants as well as in adults.Ureteroceles arc more frequently found in females and can be diagnosed throughout life. An association with other anomalies is common, mainly with complete renal duplication.The diagnosis of ureterocele is easily done by means of an urogram or by panendoscopy. The authors present 136 cases of ureterocele. In 106 of them surgical treatment was necessary. They indicate the transurethral resection as the surgical procedure of choice in treating a pathologic ureterocele.