Fishes reared in captivity are predator-naïve and suffer large predation mortality when stocked into lakes with a full complement of predators. We tested the potential of predator training to enhance post-stocking survival of hatchery-reared walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). In the first part of the study, we found that walleye (i) use chemical cues for assessing predation risk, (ii) do not have innate recognition of the odor of northern pike (Esox lucius) as an indicator of predation, and (iii) associate predation risk with pike odor after a single simultaneous encounter with pike odor and chemical alarm cues from walleye skin. In the second part of the study, we attempted to mass-train yellow perch, Perca flavescens (as a surrogate for walleye), to fear pike odor. Perch response to pike odor was not changed by placing sponge blocks containing pike odor and perch alarm cues around the perimeter of a pond. On pre- and post-training assays, perch avoided traps scented with perch alarm cues, but did not avoid traps labeled with pike odor or water. We conclude that recognition training offers potential as a management tool for walleye, but significant logistic challenges must be solved before it can be implemented.
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