This study examined the effects of menstrual cycle phase (MCP) upon sprinting and recovery as well as upon metabolic responses to such exercise. Eight females performed a repeated 30-s sprint on a non-motorised treadmill interspersed with a 2-min rest in three phases of the MCP, follicular (low 17beta-estradiol and progesterone), just prior to ovulation (midcycle trial, highest 17beta-estradiol concentration and low progesterone) and in the luteal phase (high 17beta-estradiol and high progesterone). MCP was verified later by radioimmunoassay of 17beta-estradiol and progesterone. Peak power output (PPO) and mean power output (MPO) were unaltered (P> 0.05) due to MCP [PPO for sprint 1: 463 (18) W vs. 443 (15) W vs. 449 (18) W; PPO for sprint 2: 395 (17) W vs. 359 (16) W vs. 397 (17) W; MPO for sprint 1: 302 (15) W vs. 298 (13) W vs. 298 (14) W; MPO for sprint 2: 252 (10) W vs. 248 (10) W vs. 259 (12) W for follicular, midcycle and luteal trial, mean (SEM), respectively]. Similarly, percentage recovery of PPO and MPO (the PPO or MPO during sprint 2 expressed as a percentage of the PPO or MPO during sprint 1) was also unchanged (P > 0.05). Blood lactate, blood pH and plasma ammonia after sprinting and estimated plasma volume were also unaltered by MCP (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that hormonal fluctuations due to MCP do not interfere with maximal intensity whole body sprinting and the metabolic responses to such exercise.
The effects of media (TCM199 vs. synthetic oviduct fluid, SOF), sera (foetal calf serum, FCS vs. human serum, HS), gas atmosphere (5% CO2 in air vs. 5% CO2, 5% O2 and 90% N2) and coculture with bovine oviduct epithelial cells (cells vs. no cells) on the in-vitro development of in-vitro matured and fertilized bovine oocytes were examined. Immature oocytes surrounded with compacted cumulus cells were cultured for 24 h in TCM199 supplemented with 10% FCS, 10 micrograms follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)/ml and 10 micrograms luteinizing hormone (LH)/ml, 1 microgram oestradiol/ml, and 1 x 10(6) granulosa cells at 39 degrees C under 5% CO2 in air. In-vitro fertilization was performed with frozen-thawed, heparin-treated (100 micrograms/ml, 15 min) spermatozoa from 2 bulls. Oocytes were incubated with 2.5 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml for 24 h and then cultured in one of 16 treatments for 7 days. Cleavage (2-8-cell) and development to blastocysts were recorded on Days 2 and 7, respectively, after the start of culture. SOF was superior to TCM199 for cleavage (P less than 0.01), development to blastocysts (P less than 0.001) and for proportion of cultured ova resulting in blastocysts with at least 60 or at least 100 nuclei (P less than 0.001). FCS was superior to HS for development to blastocysts (P less than 0.001) and 5% oxygen was superior to air for the proportion of ova reaching at least 60 cells (P less than 0.01). For cleavage and development to blastocysts, there was an interaction between serum and cells (P less than 0.01). In the presence of cells, ova preferred FCS, in their absence, serum had little effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Two trials were conducted in 1986 on artificial insemination of female fallow deer at fixed intervals from the cessation of oestrous synchronization treatment. Semen had been collected previously from mature bucks by electroejaculation and extended in sodium citrate/egg yolk diluent.In the first trial involving a comparison of the fertilization rates of fresh and frozen-thawed semen delivered intravaginally, 57 does each received a single intravaginal progesterone-releasing device (CIDRtype S, Carter Holt Harvey Plastic Products Group Ltd, Hamilton, NZ) for a 14-day period early in the 1986 breeding season. All does were inseminated intravaginally with either fresh (no. = 26) or frozenthawed (no. = 31) semen (85 × 106 motile spermatozoa per inseminate) at 48 h after CIDR removal. The apparent conception rates for the two types of semen were 65·4% and 64·5% respectively (P > 0·1) and the actual fawning rates were 500% and 48·4% respectively (P > 0·1).In the second trial involving an investigation of the feasibility of laparoscopic intrauterine insemination, 55 does were synchronized as for the first trial. At 56 to 58 h from CIDR removal, the does were anaesthetized and laparoscopically inseminated with frozen-thawed semen (85 × 106 motile spermatozoa per animal) by direct injection into both uterine horns. Anaesthesia was reversed immediately following artificial insemination. The apparent conception rate was 47·3% and the actual fawning rate was 41·8%.Data from both trials indicate that reasonable fawning rates can be obtained for artificially inseminated fallow deer. Between 11 and 25% of does expected to fawn did not and this may represent embryonic mortality attributable to the method of oestrus/ovulation synchronization.
Summary The literature concerning choriocarcinoma in association with an intact intrauterine pregnancy is reviewed and a further case reported. A detailed study of the placenta demonstrated a site of abnormal trophoblastic proliferation.
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