Results of intensive farming and crop rotation violation on decrease in soil fertility are given. Therefore, the issue of preservation and reproduction of soil fertility is one of the most important in the world of agriculture. As a way to suspend the negative processes in the soil and improve its fertility is possible when perennial legumes such as alfalfa are placed in rotations. The objective of the research is the development and scientific substantiation of processing methods increase root mass accumulation in the soil, nitrogen fixation of alfalfa in the year of sowing. The studies were conducted during 2011–2013 years in the experimental field of the Institute of irrigated agriculture NAAS of Ukraine. In regard to soil and climate it is located in the area of South Steppe Inhulets irrigated areas. In our research, we studied the effect of growth conditions on the accumulation of root mass and biological nitrogen varieties of alfalfa Unitro and Zoryana. The root system of alfalfa of the first year of life under different growing conditions was located in a cone with a large accumulation in the 0–10 cm layer, followed by its decrease. In natural conditions, the amount of humidification of dry weight of roots was 1.75 t/ha, whereas it increased drip irrigation to 2.28 t/ha. Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by plants without irrigation of alfalfa was low and amounted to 72.56 kg/ha. Drip irrigation helped strengthen nitrogen fixation in alfalfa varieties, and was 143.55 kg/ha. Application of growth regulator Plantafol 30 contributed to the increase of these parameters in both varieties of alfalfa. The accumulation of organic matter in the form of root residues and the process of nitrogen fixation occurred most intensively under drip irrigation and the use of growth regulators Plantafol 30.
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