The central activity of ketotifen (Zaditen®), a benzocycloheptathiophene derivative for use in the prophylaxis of asthma, was determined by quantitative pharmaco-EEG in 7 healthy volunteers in a single-blind trial. During the 1st week of the trial, placebo was given twice daily followed by ketotifen 1 mg twice daily for 3 weeks. Placebo was again given for a further week. 15-min resting EEGs were taken immediately before and 3 and 6 h after medication on 8 defined days during the study, and the subjects were asked for side effects. Lead O2–Cz was analyzed by spectral analysis, and the relative power of the delta, theta, and fast and slow alpha bands as well as the dominant alpha frequency were calculated. The mean of each of these parameters was calculated per subject for each of the three measurements on each study day and compared with the baseline by means of one-way analysis of variance. A statistically significant slowing of the dominant alpha frequency, a decrease of the relative power of the fast alpha activity, and an increase of the relative power of the theta rhythm were found. These effects, indicative of a mild sedation, were highest during the 1st week of treatment with ketotifen, with a peak at the 3rd day, and gradually decreased thereafter. In contrast to the sensitive pharmaco-EEG method, none of the subjects complained of sedation or tiredness while taking ketotifen.
Summary Seizure patterns elicited by penicillin, pentylenetetrazol, or electrical stimulation were recorded from 16 electrodes at 1‐ and 2‐mm distances in a square grid. An IBM 360/44 computer was programmed to calculate the potential fields and to print them as equipotential maps every 2, 4, or 8 msec, and the paths of the positive and negative maxima of the fields were drawn. The positive potential fields usually move in a preferred direction whereas the negative fields often remain stationary. The paths are seldom straight lines. Regularity of the EEG pattern is caused by potential fields that maintain their path of propagation. Potential gradients are steeper on the leading than on the trailing edges of the fields. At cytoarchitectonic borders the fields are often distorted or disappear. Traveling waves are frequent, the equipotential lines usually elliptical in the direction of propagation. Sometimes a traveling phenomenon is simulated by sequential activation of two generators. Since potential fields tend to follow the same path, they must leave a trail of facilitation, thus aiding the formation of “engrams.” RÉsumé Avec 16 électrodes disposées à 1–2 mm de distance dans une grille carrée, on a étudié le type de crises évoquées par la pénicilline, le cardiazol, ou la stimulation électrique. Un computer IBM 360/44 était programé pour calculer la distribution des potentiels et pour les inscrire sous forme de mappes chaque 2,4 ou 8 msec, où on inscrivait aussi la propagation des variations positives et négatives maximales. Le champ des potentiels se propageait habituellement dans les directions préférentielles tandis que les champs des potentiels négatifs avaient tendance à rester stationnaires. Les directions étaient rarement des lignes droites. La régularité du patron EEG est causée par les champs de potentiels qui maintiennent leur direction de propagation. Les gradients de potentiels sont plus prononcés dans les lignes de propagation que dans les lignes qui suivent les déplacements des champs. Dans les régions frontières où il y a des changements cytoarchitectoniques, les champs sont souvent déformes ou disparaissent. Les ondes de propagation sont fréquentes, les lignes équipotentielles généralement elliptiques dans la direction de la propagation. Parfois, la mise en jeu successive de deux générateurs peut donner l'impression d'un phénomène qui se déplace. Puisque les champs des potentiels ont tendance à suivre la même voie, ils doivent laisser une trace de facilitation qui aide ainsi à la formation d“‘engrammes.” RESUMEN Se han registrado los patrones de descargas producidas por penicilina, pentylenetetrazol, o estimulación eléctrica, mediante la utilización de 16 electrodos distribuidos en “grid” cuadrangular y con 1 a 2 mm de distancia interelectrodo. Se programó un computador IBM 360/44 para calcular los campos de acción e imprimirlos en forma de mapas equipotenciales cada 2, 4, y 8 msg y se extrajeron las máximas direcciones, positiva y negativa, de los campos. Los potenciales positivos generalmente se...
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