The strong restrictions of greenhouse gasses emissions and the high penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources are the frame for researching more closely the contribution of nuclear power plants to competitiveness of corresponding technology portfolio for electricity generation. For the competitiveness indication 3E indicator is applied. The 3E indicator is expressed as the function of two variables that indicate the configuration of the technology portfolio i. e. participation of intermittent renewables in covering overall electricity load and participation of nuclear power plants in covering the residual electricity load. Obtained results point out that an increase of nuclear power plants participation in residual load contributes to the increase of the technology portfolio's competitiveness, i. e. to the reduction of the 3E indicator's numerical value. On the other hand, an increase of intermittent renewables participation in overall load in principle contributes to the decrease of the technology portfolio's competitiveness, i. e. to the increase of the 3E indicator's numerical value with the maximal value at the certain participation rate. The competitiveness of the technology portfolios for electricity generation in eleven European countries is also examined. The results point out that the country with highest participation of intermittent renewables in overall load domain has the less favorable competitiveness, and the lowest annual equivalent operation time of the technology portfolio. On the other hand, the country with highest participation of nuclear power plants in residual load domain has the most favorable value of 3E indicator and the highest annual equivalent operation time of its technology portfolio.
The paper presents the mathematical model and the procedure for calculation of the resultant force acting on the air cooled gas turbine blade(s) based on the aerodynamic theory and computation of the circulation around the blade profile. In the conducted analysis was examined the influence of the cooling air mass flow expressed through the cooling air flow parameter λc, as well as, the values of the inlet and outlet angles β1 and β2, on the magnitude of the tangential and axial forces. The procedure and analysis were exemplified by the calculation of the tangential and axial forces magnitudes. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije: Development and building the demonstrative facility for combined heat and power with gasification
This paper presents a new approach in mathematical modeling of thermodynamic cycles and electric power of utility district-heating and cogeneration steam turbines. The approach is based on the application of the dimensionless mass flows, which describe the thermodynamic cycle of a combined heat and power steam turbine. The mass flows are calculated relative to the mass flow to low pressure turbine. The procedure introduces the extraction mass flow load parameter νh which clearly indicates the energy transformation process, as well as the cogeneration turbine design features, but also its fitness for the electrical energy system requirements. The presented approach allows fast computations, as well as direct calculation of the selected energy efficiency indicators. The approach is exemplified with the calculation results of the district heat power to electric power ratio, as well as the cycle efficiency, versus νh. The influence of νh on the conformity of a combined heat and power turbine to the grid requirements is also analyzed and discussed. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 33049: Development of CHP demonstration plant with gasification of biomass
In the paper are presented and discussed the results of a more complex research of technology portfolio competitiveness in power systems with high penetration of i-RES. Possible technology portfolios compositions are analyzed. The portfolios comprise very high participation of i-RES, as well as a certain participation of energy storage technologies, but also and other energy technologies like nuclear and fossil fueled power plants. Within the research are developed new competitiveness indicators i.e., dispatchability indicator and the technology portfolio?s assured capacity. The latter is defined on the basis of recently published Ulrich?s and Schiffer?s paper. Obtained results point out that inclusion of pumped-hydro storage plants improves portfolio?s dispatchability. However, within the researched interval up to PHS installed capacities relative to i-RES capacities of 0,3; numerical values of the dispatchability indicators are still below their values for the portfolio without i-RES. Increased participation of nuclear power plants contribute to the improvement of numerical values of the dispatchability indicators. The sensitivity analysis for the case of two times smaller cost of pumped hydro storage capacities is also performed. Hypothetical change of power system?s technology structure in sense of substitution hard coal and lignite fired power plants with wind generators or with nuclear power plants is also analyzed. The analysis points out that the substitution with nuclear power plants enables much better results regarding power system?s ability to change the power on demand than substitution with wind generators, particularly in the countries with high participation of hard coal and/or lignite in electricity generation.
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