Phase rule is an integral part of the undergraduate curriculu m in many universities across the globe. In an appreciable nu mber of un iversities, it is dealt with in the fresh man year. The students find it extremely confusing to find the number of co mponents even in simple equilibriu m react ions. Normally they end up giving wrong answers, or if at all they give correct answers, they are just conjectures. To overcome this overwhelming confusion we have first considered different simp le and relatively unco mplicated equilibriu ms fro m standard physical chemistry books and research journals. In these different equilibriu ms first we evaluated the number of components as illustrated in the books. In each of the book, dissimilar methods were emp loyed to evaluate the number of co mponents which is not a straightforward task for the freshmen students. Then we presented an easy generic method which involved the use of the less involving relation C = C'-r. Our endeavour in this article is to present a terse and lucid method, by means of wh ich the nu mber of co mponents can be evaluated. Finally, one feels, after going through this article, that this convenient and handy relation C = C'-r is undeniably a silver bullet for the evaluation of components in simp le and relat ively less complicated equilibriu ms.
ABSTRACT. In this article, we have introduced an intermediate benzyl carbocation (formed as a result of photoionization) which serves as precursor for the synthesis of Schiff's base. Lifetimes of many carbocations were determined from our laboratory. During the determination of the lifetimes, our endeavor was to obtain a carbocation with high selectivity, s = knu/kH2O. The selectivity is the ratio of the rate constant of the reaction of carbocation with an externally added nucleophile, (nu, aniline) to that of the rate constant of the water. Our intention was to obtain a carbocation with high selectivity, so that one can pave a path for the synthesis of Schiff's base by the reaction of the carbocation intermediate with aniline.
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