Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-941Di3223. I DISCLAIMERPortions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. Use of Monte Carlo Methods in Environmental Risk Assessment at the INEL:Applications and Issues EXECUTIVE SUMMARYMonte Carlo Analysis (MCA) is a powerful tool for evaluating risks in the presence of uncertainty. The technique could be useful in future environmental risk assessment work done at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). This document provides the background information useful for risk assessors and risk managers to understand MCA. It presents the general methodology of MCA and identifies issues that will need to be resolved before MCA can be effectively implemented at the INEL.MCA is a conceptually simple method of probabilistic risk assessment. For the input parameters in the risk model, a probability distribution is assigned based on available information about the parameter, these distributions are each randomly sampled n times. The n random realizations from each input parameter are then entered into the model to produce n risk estimates. The input distributions take into account uncertainties in those parameters; the resulting risk values provide an estimate of the risk distribution. Hence, the Monte Carlo analysis essentially propagates the input uncertainties through the risk model to the resulting risk estimates.In this report, the motivation for using MCA as an improvement over the baseline risk assessment (BRA) point estimates is given. Two major shortcomings of the point estimate approach is that it suffers from creeping conservatism so that the user does not know how conservative the estimate is, and it provides limited information to the risk manager and public. The use of MCA helps alleviate both of these problems.The use of MCA helps focus attention on the uncertainty in the risk assessment. Further, it provides a quantitative description of the uncertainty. In this way, the manager and stakeholders are better able to understand the risks and are better able to make informed decisions. A key theme of the document is that uncertainty matters and MCA provides a practical description of the uncertainty.V
HTSC planar high Q resonators can be used to realize microstrip filters. These filters have a low insertion loss and a sharp slope. The size of the substrates of 10 mm x 10 mm leads to a low frequency limit of about 2 GHz for a two-pole filter. At 77 K the measured on-chip insertion loss of a two-pole Butterworth bandpass filter with 3% relative bandwidth is less than 0.2 dB. The complete filter including housing and coaxial connectors has an insertion loss of 0.4 dB. Improving the structuring process and reoptimizing the filter design will improve the filter characteristic. Particularly low-loss bonded contacts instead of silver paint between the coaxial microstrip transition will decrease the insertion loss of the filter. Outer dimensions of the filter housing with coaxial connectors are 34 mm x 30 mm x 20 mm. Waveguide filters with comparable filter characteristics will be approximately 100 times larger in volume than planar HTscfilters and they are useless for a olanar system with active and oassive components on a single board.
Übersicht:Es wird dargestellt, wie man supraleitende planare Leitungsbaulemente realisieren kann. Danach wird kurz die Herstellung von supraleitenden Dünnfilmen aus YBCO und ihre Strukturierung beschrieben. Messungen an supraleitenden Resonatoren und Filtern zeigen die Vorteile dieser Bauelemente gegenüber konventionellen Bauelementen auf. Resonatoren mit einer unbelasteten Gute bis zu 50000 im Frequenzbereich zwischen 6SOMHz und 2500MHz wurden realisiert. Hieraus hergestellte supraleitende Filter, inklusiv Kryosystem, sind sehr kompakt. Normalleitende Filter mit gleichen Eigenschaften würden ein um den Faktor 400 größeres Volumen benötigen.Abstract: After a short overview of transmission line devices made from superconducting films the fabrication and patterning of the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 _ s thin films is described. Measurements on resonators and filters shows the advantage of superconducting devices. Resonators with a unloaded quality factor of approximately 50.000 in the frequency range from 650 MHz to 2500 MHz could be realized. The superconducting filters including the cryogenic system are very compact A conventional filter needs a trical values. Für die Dokumentation: YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7^ / Supraleiter / Mikrostreifenleitung / Resonatoren / Filter / UHF Einleitung
The usle of Rent's rule in assessing the economic trade-offs in partitionhg electronic systems inlto larger or smaller units is cescribed. The impact of this asses:sment on the size and number of connectors required is presented. The roles of non-separable (splicing) and separable (iplugin) connectors are discussed. A quallification procedure to assure reliability of non-separable connectors and current design practices to assure reliability of separable lconnectors are mviewed.
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