Genetic variation and population structure of wild white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) from 4 geographic locations from Mexico to Panama were investigated using 5 microsatellite DNA loci. The genetic diversity between populations was indicated by the mean number of alleles per locus and mean observed heterozygosity, which ranged from 7.4 to 8.6 and from 0.241 to 0.388, respectively. Significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found at most locations at each locus, with the exception Guatemala at Pvan0013, and were caused by high heterozygote deficiencies. Genetic differences between localities were detected by pairwise comparison based on allelic and genotypic frequencies, with the exception of locus Pvan1003. Significant pairwise F (ST) values between locations and total F (ST) showed that the white shrimp population is structured into subpopulations. However, population differentiation does not follow an isolation-by-distance model. Knowledge of the genetic diversity and structure of L.vannamei populations will be of interest for aquaculture and fisheries management to utilize and preserve aquatic biodiversity.
The totoaba, Totoaba macdonaldi, is endemic to the Gulf of California and is listed as threatened on the IUCN red list. In preparation for a study of the population genetic structure of this species 14 microsatellite loci were developed, all found to be moderately or highly polymorphic. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.23 to 1.00 (average 0.67), with the number of alleles ranging from three to 23 in 26 individuals. Only one locus was found to have statistically significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations -Tmac43 which exhibited a heterozygote deficit due possibly to null alleles. No statistically significant genetic disequilibrium was observed following Bonferroni correction. These microsatellite loci appear suitable for examining population structure, kinship assessment, and other applications.
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