The time-domain reflectometry technique was exercised to assess the complex permittivities of 1-chloropropane and ethanol along with their binary mixture in the frequency range of 10[Formula: see text]MHz–50[Formula: see text]GHz and in the temperature range of 10–[Formula: see text]C. Dielectric parameters like static dielectric permittivity ([Formula: see text] and relaxation time ([Formula: see text] have been acquired by the least-square-fit method. The obtained assessments of static permittivity and relaxation time were used to compute various dielectric parameters like excess dielectric constant, excess relaxation time, Kirkwood correlation factor and thermodynamic parameters. The experimental outcome illustrates the nonlinear variations in dielectric permittivity, relaxation time and authenticates the structural formation due to intermolecular interaction between 1-chloropropane and ethanol. Molecular rotary motion and dipole reorientation movements of these complex systems are presented in agreement with the molar entropy and enthalpy.
: Drought is a natural hazard that has significant impact on economic, agricultural, environmental and social aspects.The main objective of the research reported herein has been to develop an approach to analyse of meteorological droughts based on annual precipitation data.If 'A' is the mean weekly rainfall for 22 years of data from 1991 to 2012, then a week receiving rainfall less than 75 per cent of 'A' valueis defined as drought week and greater than 125 per cent of 'A' valueis defined as surplus week. Week having rainfall between 75 per cent of 'A' value and 125 per cent of 'A' value is considered as normal week. The rainfall distribution of Latur and Osmanabad district of Maharashtra state is quite erratic in space and occurrence of drought is common.In this study 22 years of rainfall data of Latur and Osmanabad district have been analyzed on yearly, monthly and weekly basis for predicting the water drought, normal and surplus event for crop planning in region. Weekly drought, normal and surplus events give a more precise idea about crop planning than yearly and monthly events. The analysis has reveals that the percentage of drought weeks is more than normal and surplus weeks. It has been also reveals that there is a need of supplemental irrigation during periods of water scarcity.
: Water balance of an area is an itemized statement of all gains, losses and changes of storage of water occurring in a given field within specified boundaries during aspecified period of time considering rainfall and evapotranspiration. Difference between rainfall (P) and pomegranate evapotranspiration (ET p ) gives weekly moisture excess and deficit.A negative value of this difference indicates water deficit, which means the amount by which the rainfall fails to supply the potential water need of tree. While positive difference is water excess, this is the amount of excess water available for soil moisture replenishment and also for a runoff. Weekly rainfall and evapotranspiration data of both the districts were analyzed statistically for Ambie, Mrig and Hasta bahar. Most of the weeks in Ambie bahar during fruit development period have negligible amount of rainfall which is good for quality point of view, but during fruit maturity period there was a greater amount of rainfall observed. Most of the weeks in Mrig bahar during flowering period have surplus rainfall and there after it very less during fruit development and maturity which is best combination for quality of fruits. Therefore, in general, it can be concluded that supplemental irrigation requirement in Mrigmbahar was maximum followed by Hast and Ambiebahar.
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